Table 2.

Odds ratios for Hospitals Offering Invasive Cardiac Services According to Hospital and Population Characteristics, 1996–2008.

	Diagnostic Angiography	PCI	CABG
Nearby proportion of hospitals with Diagnostic Angiography, per 10%	1.102*	0.775	0.808
95% Confidence Interval	1.018–1.193	0.581–1.034	0.597–1.094
Nearby proportion of hospitals with PCI, per 10%	1.059	1.794***	1.442
95% Confidence Interval	0.910–1.233	1.288–2.498	0.926–2.245
Nearby proportion with CABG, per 10%	0.920	0.726**	0.929@
95% Confidence Interval	0.787–1.075	0.575–0.916	0.608–1.420
Recently added Diagnostic Angiography		9.290***	2.302
95% Confidence Interval		4.485–19.241	0.629–8.421
Observations	31,920	32,935	33,193
Number of hospitals	3,156	3,156	3,221

NB: Robust standard errors clustered at the hospital level. The logistic regression model was also adjusted for: total nearby population as reported by the census (within 40 miles), nearby population not already covered in the previous year for each service; Certificate of Need regime at the state level; hospital characteristics (admissions quintiles, system membership, rural location, teaching status, ownership status – government, for-profit, or nonprofit); population characteristics (unemployment rate, labor force participation, education, poverty, race); and baseline hazard control (log of time at risk).

^@In some alternative specifications the coefficient of nearby population with CABG on CABG was positive indicated a positive relationship; however, the results were non-significant in all alternative specifications.

^*p < 0.05,

^**p < 0.01,

^***p < 0.001.