Figure 7. Physical layout of the D'Arsonval galvanometer.
We model the essential features of the D'Arsonval meter as: the rotational moment of inertial of the coil J, the torsional spring constant, κ, the torsional damping constant, χ and the maximum magnetic-flux linked by the coil, Φ
0. We use a linear model for the stored energy in the coil, . The Lagrangian function can be written in terms of these fundamental parameters. (Adapted from the Wikimedia commons.)