Table 1. A homomorphic mapping due to Karnopp et al.

Concept	Mechanical	Electrical
Coordinate	displacement, x	charge, q
flow variable	velocity,
energy	energy	energy
effort variable	force,
energy increment
inertial element	mass, m	inductance, L
generalised momentum	momentum,	magnetic flux,
Newton's second law
elastic element	stiffness constant, k	inverse capacitance, 1/C
Hooke's second law	F  =  −k · x
dissipative element	damping, c	resistance, R
frictional force
Joule's law
energy of inertia
elastic energy

A homomorphic mapping: The names and purposes of the most important electromechanical dynamical concepts.