Table 3.

Published surveys of Toxoplasma gondii in humans and domestic animal species in Vietnam.

Citation	Study date	Study location	Species	Details	Sample size	Overall prevalence; additional observations
Sery et al. (1988)	1984	Suburban Hanoi and Hoa Binh (northern mountain region)	Human	Healthy individuals, all ages	259 (140 from Hanoi, 119 from Hoa Binh)	24.3% (Hoa Binh); 15.7% (suburban Hanoi); Higher prevalence in early childhood than middle age.
Huong et al. (1998)	1995	Near HCMC	Cattle, buffalo	Cross-bred Frisian-Zebu cattle	200 of each species	10.5% (cattle) and 3% (buffalo)
Dubey et al. (2008)	2003	Mekong Delta (6 provinces) (and 6 other countries: Ghana, Indonesia, Poland and Italy	Chickens	From 38 different farms	330	24.2% seropositive by MAT
Huong and Dubey (2007)	2003–2005	Southern Vietnam (Dong Nai, Tien Giang provinces)	Pigs		587	27.2% seropositive in market weight pigs (6 months). Prevalence higher in older pigs
Dubey et al. (2007)	2006	Mekong Delta (7 provinces)	Domestic dogs		42	50% seropositive; experimental infections of naive cats with tissues from 8 dogs with high titres demonstrated transmission in 100% cases; high genetic similarity between T.gondii isolates from Vietnam and South America
Udonsom et al. (2008)	2007	Three provinces: Nghe An and Lao Cai (north) and Tien Giang (Mekong Delta)	Humans	Rural	650	Overall prevalence 4.2%; Highest in Nghe An (6.4%), followed by Lao Cai (4.7%) and Tien Giang (1.1%)