Multimodal (PET and MRI), multiparametric imaging data (estimates of glucose utilization, tumor cellularity, vascularity, perfusion, and tissue volume fractions) could be used to initialize and constrain a coupled set of partial-differential equations describing tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and glucose utilization. The far left column represents the type of data that would be available from routine DW-MRI (k, NTC), DCE-MRI (NEC), and FDG-PET imaging (CG). These data can then be input into the equations provided to predict distributions of these parameters at future time points (intermediate and final outcomes). As with Figs. 1 and 2, the model outcomes can be directly compared with experimental data.