Fig. 3.

Topographies (upper panels) and averaged time course (lower panels) of the Ne_IC_S for each of the 10 subjects. All of them present a fronto-central topography. Note that, although all the maps present a positive polarity, this polarity is somehow arbitrary. Indeed, the projected signal on the sensors space is the product of the topography and the time-course. Hence inverting the polarity of both the topography and the time course produces exactly the same results. For the sake of simplicity, all the topographies have thus been plotted as positive, and the time course as negative in the period of interest. Importantly, for all the Ne_IC_S, the projected activity in the sensors space was always of negative polarity at the time of the Ne. The lower panels present the averaged time courses obtained for errors, ordered in the same way as the topographies. The corresponding topographies and time courses thus correspond to the same subject.