Table 4.
Socio-demographic, antenatal and birth factors associated with breastfeeding cessation in multivariable analysis
| |
Breastfeeding cessation by 10 days |
Breastfeeding cessation between 10 days and 6 weeks |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
CRUDE OR (complete case) (n=3451) |
FINAL ADJUSTED
a
(complete case) (n=3451) |
CRUDE OR (complete case) (n=2980) |
FINAL ADJUSTED
b
(complete case) (n=2980) |
||||
| OR | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) | |
|
Index of Multiple Deprivation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Quintile 1 (least deprived) |
1.00 |
- |
1.00 |
- |
1.00 |
- |
1.00 |
- |
| Quintile |
1.20 |
(0.86,1.66) |
1.07 |
(0.75,1.54) |
1.15 |
(0.85,1.57) |
1.13 |
(0.82,1.57) |
| Quintile 3 |
1.46* |
(1.07,2.01) |
1.38 |
(0.99,1.93) |
1.49** |
(1.11,2.01) |
1.57** |
(1.15,2.16) |
| Quintile 4 |
1.53* |
(1.10,2.12) |
1.50* |
(1.03,2.18) |
1.44* |
(1.06,1.97) |
1.45* |
(1.03,2.03) |
| Quintile 5 (most deprived) |
1.75*** |
(1.26,2.43) |
1.84** |
(1.27,2.68) |
1.55** |
(1.13,2.14) |
1.79** |
(1.25,2.57) |
|
Age |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 16-19 |
3.84*** |
(2.15,6.85) |
1.9 |
(0.97,3.74) |
3.32*** |
(1.69,6.53) |
1.84 |
(0.93,3.63) |
| 20-24 |
2.39*** |
(1.75,3.27) |
1.51* |
(1.04,2.19) |
1.73** |
(1.24,2.41) |
1.24 |
(0.85,1.79) |
| 25-29 |
1.22 |
(0.93,1.59) |
1.12 |
(0.83,1.50) |
1.08 |
(0.84,1.39) |
1.02 |
(0.78,1.33) |
| 30-34 |
1.00 |
- |
1.00 |
- |
1.00 |
- |
1.00 |
- |
| 35-39 |
0.66* |
(0.48,0.91) |
0.66* |
(0.48,0.92) |
0.58*** |
(0.43,0.77) |
0.55*** |
(0.40,0.75) |
| ≥40 |
0.70 |
(0.41,1.19) |
0.64 |
(0.37,1.13) |
0.61 |
(0.36,1.01) |
0.52* |
(0.30,0.89) |
|
Age completed full-time education |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| <17 years |
3.35*** |
(2.57,4.36) |
2.15*** |
(1.58,2.92) |
3.44*** |
(2.66,4.46) |
3.03*** |
(2.29,4.02) |
| 17-18 years |
2.92*** |
(2.29,3.73) |
1.99*** |
(1.52,2.61) |
2.59*** |
(2.05,3.27) |
2.24*** |
(1.74,2.87) |
| 19+ years |
1.00 |
- |
1.00 |
- |
1.00 |
- |
1.00 |
- |
| Still in full-time education |
1.89 |
(0.79,4.55) |
2.11 |
(0.86,5.22) |
1.21 |
(0.46,3.22) |
1.31 |
(0.45,3.81) |
|
Ethnicity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| White |
3.47*** |
(2.22,5.43) |
3.02*** |
(1.74,5.22) |
2.48*** |
(1.73,3.54) |
2.49*** |
(1.63,3.80) |
| Non-white |
1.00 |
- |
1.00 |
- |
1.00 |
- |
1.00 |
- |
|
Country of birth |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| UK |
4.29*** |
(2.89,6.36) |
2.91*** |
(1.85,4.56) |
2.58*** |
(1.92,3.46) |
1.71** |
(1.63,3.06) |
| Outside UK |
1.00 |
- |
1.00 |
- |
1.00 |
- |
1.00 |
- |
| Antenatal feeding intention |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Breast milk only |
1.00 |
- |
1.00 |
- |
1.00 |
- |
1.00 |
- |
| Breast and formula milk |
2.06*** |
(1.58,2.67) |
2.47*** |
(1.84,3.31) |
2.03*** |
(1.56,2.63) |
2.63*** |
(1.97,3.53) |
| Formula milk only |
8.70*** |
(4.82,15.71) |
6.90*** |
(2.94,16.20) |
6.18*** |
(2.71,14.10) |
4.73** |
(1.74,12.87) |
| Not sure |
4.10*** |
(2.31,7.28) |
4.01*** |
(2.17,7.42) |
1.33 |
(0.57,3.09) |
1.09 |
(0.45,2.63) |
|
Duration of labour |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| No labour |
0.66* |
(0.44,0.98) |
0.55** |
(0.36,0.84) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| <8 h |
1.00 |
- |
1.00 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| 8-17 h |
1.03 |
(0.79,1.28) |
0.97 |
(0.73,1.29) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| 18+ h |
0.98 |
(0.72,1.21) |
0.89 |
(0.66,1.22) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Length of hospital stay |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| None (home birth) |
0.78 |
(0.43,1.41) |
0.88 |
(0.46,1.71) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| <24 h |
1.00 |
- |
1.00 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| 1-2 days |
1.39* |
(1.08,1.78) |
1.42* |
(1.08,1.88) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| 3-4 days |
1.32 |
(1.00,1.74) |
1.78*** |
(1.29,2.46) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| ≥5 days |
0.66 |
(0.31,1.41) |
1.39 |
(0.59,3.24) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Gestation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 37-38 weeks |
- |
- |
- |
- |
1.21 |
(0.93,1.59) |
1.25 |
(0.93,1.68) |
| 39-41 weeks |
- |
- |
- |
- |
1.00 |
- |
1.00 |
- |
| ≥ 42 weeks |
- |
- |
- |
- |
1.58** |
(1.17,2.12) |
1.40* |
(1.01,1.95) |
|
Type of birth |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Normal vaginal |
- |
- |
- |
- |
1.00 |
- |
1.00 |
- |
| Forceps/ventouse |
- |
- |
- |
- |
1.19 |
(0.89,1.60) |
1.14 |
(0.84,1.54) |
| Planned caesarean |
- |
- |
- |
- |
1.42* |
(1.05,1.91) |
1.50* |
(1.09,2.07) |
| Unplanned caesarean |
- |
- |
- |
- |
1.24 |
(0.91,1.67) |
1.30 |
(0.93,1.81) |
|
Baby admitted to NNU |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yes |
0.55* |
(0.32,0.93) |
0.42** |
(0.23,0.78) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| No | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - | - | - | - | - |
aAdjusted for IMD, age, age completed FT education, ethnicity, country of birth, AN feeding intention, labour duration, postnatal stay length, NNU admission, source of breastfeeding support, breastfeeding support not needed, MWs gave active support and encouragement.
bAdjusted for IMD, age, age completed FT education, ethnicity, country of birth, AN feeding intention, gestation, type of birth, baby café attendance, breastfeeding support not needed, MWs gave active support and encouragement.
*p <0.05 **p <0.005 ***p <0.001.