Table 1.
Age-related changes in cortical inhibitory circuits.
| References | Muscles | N | Age | Motor tasks | IHI | cSP | cSP/MEP | SICI | CRI | Correlation MP | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type | Aging | ||||||||||
| Sale and Semmler (2005) | FDI | y: 10 | y: 27 ± 1 | (a) 5% MVC | (a) ↓ | (a) ↓ | Only weak correlations | ||||
| o: 10 | o: 68 ± 2 | ||||||||||
| Oliviero et al., 2006 | FDI | y: 20 | y: 26 ± 4 | (r) rest | (a) ↓ | (a) = | (r) = | ||||
| o: 22 | o: 71 ± 6 | (a) 50% MVC | |||||||||
| Talelli et al., 2008b | FDI | 30 | 19–78 | (a) 15–20% MVC | IHI10 | (a) = | |||||
| IHI40 | (a) ↓ | ||||||||||
| Marneweck et al., 2011 | FDI | y: 25 | y: 18–29 | (r) rest | (r) ↓ | No SICI visible: MP ↓ | |||||
| o: 24 | o: 59–88 | ||||||||||
| McGregor et al., 2011 | FDI | y: 15 | y: 18–37 | (a) 40–50% MVC | iSP | (a) ↓ | Trend IHI ↓ MP ↓ | ||||
| o: 30 | o: 60–85 | ||||||||||
| Smith et al., 2011 | FDI | y: 15 | y: 20 ± 2 | (r) rest | (r) = | ||||||
| o: 15 | o: 66 ± 4 | ||||||||||
| Fling and Seidler (2012) | FDI | y: 21 | y: 22 ± 3 | (a) 20% MVC | iSP | (a)↓/= | IHI ↑ MP ↓ | ||||
| o: 18 | o: 67 ± 5 | ||||||||||
| Heise et al., 2013 | FDI | 64 | 20–88 | (r) rest | (r) ↓ | SICI rest ↓ MP ↓ | |||||
| (a) preparation SRT | (a) modulation ↓ | SICI modulation ↓ MP ↓ | |||||||||
| Rogasch et al., 2009 | APB | y: 14 | y: 21 ± 2 | (r) rest | (r) = | ||||||
| o: 14 | o: 68 ± 6 | ||||||||||
| Cirillo et al., 2010 | APB | y: 12 | y: 22 ± 2 | (r) rest | (r) = | ||||||
| o: 14 | o: 67 ± 4 | ||||||||||
| Hinder et al. (2010) | APB | y: 10 | y: 26 ± 3 | (a1) tonic | IHI10 | (a1) = | |||||
| o: 10 | o: 66 ± 4 | (a2) ballistic | (a2) = | ||||||||
| Petitjean and Ko (2013) | APB | y: 20 | y: 28 ± 7 | (a) active | iSP | (a) ↓ | |||||
| o: 20 | o: 58 ± 7 | ||||||||||
| Kossev et al., 2002 | ECR/FCR | y: 10 | y: 29 ± 5 | (r) rest | (r) ↑ | ||||||
| o: 10 | o: 56 ± 5 | ||||||||||
| Hortobágyi et al., 2006 | ECR | y: 6 | y: 27 ± 4 | (r) rest | ↓ | ||||||
| o: 6 | o: 73 ± 6 | ||||||||||
| Fujiyama et al., 2012 | ECR | y: 15 | y: 18–29 | (a1) contralateral ISO | (a1) = | ||||||
| o: 15 | o: 58–84 | (a2) contralateral nonISO | (a2) ↓ | (a2) ↓ | SP ↓ MP ↓ | ||||||
| (a3) ipsilateral ISO | (a3) = | ||||||||||
| (a4) ipsilateral nonISO | (a4) = | ||||||||||
| McGinley et al., 2010 | FCR | y: 21 | y: 21 ± 1 | (r) rest | (a)↑ | (r) ↑ | |||||
| o: 9 | o: 71 ± 2 | (a) 15% MVC | (a) = | ||||||||
| Hunter et al. (2008) | BIC | y: 17 | y: 26 ± 4 | (a) 100% MVC | (a) = | ||||||
| o: 7 | o: 73 ± 3 | ||||||||||
| Eisen et al. (1996) | EDC | y: 23 | y: 33 ± 7 | (a) active | (a) ↓ | ||||||
| o: 15 | o: 67 ± 9 | ||||||||||
| Lo and Fook-Chong (2004) | AH | 30 | 23–80 | (a) 100% MVC | iSP | (a) = | (a) = | ||||
| Stevens-Lapsley et al., 2013 | VL | y: 20 | y: 25 ± 2 | (r) rest | (r) = | ||||||
| o: 20 | o: 58 ± 6 | ||||||||||
Arrows indicate direction of change of cortical inhibition in old compared to young adults. Key: N, number of subjects; IHI, interhemispheric inhibition; cSP & iSP, contralateral & ipsilateral silent period; MEP, motor evoked potential; SICI, short interval intracortical inhibition; CRI, cortical reciprocal inhibition; MP, motor performance; FDI, first dorsal interosseous; APB, abductor pollicis brevis; AH, abductor hallucis; EDC, extensor digitorum communis; BIC, biceps brachii; ECR, extensor carpi radialis; FCR, flexor carpi radialis; y, young; o, old; MVC, maximal voluntary contraction; (a), active; (r), rest.