Table 2.
Antiretroviral Drugs used in NHP cART-Suppression Models
| Drug Class | Drug (Colloquial name) | Generic name | Trade name (if applicable) | Typical mode of administration* | Dosage range** | Comments/notes | Selected References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (RTI) | PMPA/TFV | Tenofovir | - | SubQ | 15–30 mg/kg/day | Mainstay component of cART regimens in NHP; Renal toxicity with overdosing | [52] |
| TDF | Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate | Viread | Oral | 5–22 mg/kg | Prodrug form of PMPA/TFV | [53] | |
| FTC | Emtricitabine | Emtriva | SubQ | 16–50 mg/kg/day | Mainstay component of cART regimens in NHP; Resistance mutations selected against when dosed with PMPA/TFV | [54] | |
| 3TC | Lamivudine | Epivir | SubQ | 5–8 mg/kg/day (QD or BID) | [37, 38, 55] | ||
| AZT | Azidothymidine/Zidovudine | Retrovir | SubQ | 4.5 mg/kg BID | [37, 38, 55] | ||
| ddI | Didanosine/Dideoxyinosine | Videx | Oral, I.V. | 5–10 mg/kg/day | Pancreatic toxicity with prolonged administration or overdosage | [7, 8, 56] | |
| d4T | Stavudine | Zerit | Oral | 1.2 mg/kg/day | [7, 8, 56] | ||
| EFV | Efavirenz | Sustiva | Oral | 60 mg/kg/day, 200 mg/day fixed | NNRTI, used with RT-SHIV | [15–17, 30] | |
| NVP | Nevirapine | Viramune | SubQ | 3–18 mg/kg/day | NNRTI, used with RT-SHIV | [57] | |
|
| |||||||
| Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitor (IN-STI) | RAL | Raltegravir | Isentress | Oral | 50–100 mg/kg BID | [9, 11] | |
| L-‘812 | L-870812 | - | Oral | 10–40 mg/kg/day (QD or BID) | Unlicensed investigational IN-STI | [26, 28*, 29, 58] | |
| L-‘564 | L-900564 | - | Oral | 10 mg/kg BID | Unlicensed investigational IN-STI | Del Prete GQ, Lifson JD, Klatt NR, Brenchley JM, unpublished data | |
| DTG/’572 | Dolutegravir | - | SubQ | 2.5 mg/kg/day | Pre-clinical next generation IN-STI | Del Prete GQ, Lifson JD, unpublished data | |
|
| |||||||
| Protease Inhibitor (PI) | IDV | Indinavir | Crixivan | Oral | 60 mg/kg BID | [37, 38] | |
| LPV | Lopinavir | Kaletra (w/RTV) | Oral, SubQ | 200 mg/day, 45 mg/kg BID | [12, 55] | ||
| ATV | Atazanavir | Reyataz | Oral | 270 mg/kg BID | [26, 28*, 29] | ||
| SQV | Saquinavir | Fortovase | Oral | 205 mg/kg BID | No longer marketed | [26, 28*, 29] | |
| DRV | Darunavir | Prezista | Oral | 300–600 mg BID | Variable impact of RTV on plasma levels | [59*], Del Prete GQ, Lifson JD, unpublished data | |
| RTV | Ritonavir | Norvir | Oral | 20–200 mg/day (QD or BID) | Used as PRI booster; variable effectiveness, may be NHP species specific | [59*], Del Prete GQ, Lifson JD, unpublished data | |
|
| |||||||
| Entry Inhibitor | MRV | Maraviroc | Selzentry | Oral | 100 mg BID | [59*] | |
*
SubQ: Subcutaneous injection; I.V.: Intravenous injection
**
QD: Once daily; BID: Twice daily