Table 2.
Studies related to exposure assessment to dog allergen.
| Study | Environment/country | Assay | Sampling method | Allergen level | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Custovic et al. (58) | Homes, UK | Can f 1 | Air samples (high volume pumps) | Range | |
| Sandwich ELISA | Homes with dogs, n = 31 | 0.5–99 ng/m3 | |||
| (mAB/pAB) | Homes without dogs, n = 62 | <LOD–12.4 ng/m3 | |||
| Reservoir dust from living room floor | GM | 95%CI | |||
| Homes with dogs, n = 31 | 181.3 μg/g | 102.0–322.3 μg/g | |||
| Homes without dogs, n = 62 | 1.56 μg/g | 1.17–2.08 μg/g | |||
| Custis et al. (59) | Homes, USA | Can f 1 | Air samples (ion-charging device) | GM | |
| Sandwich ELISA | Homes with dogs | ||||
| (mAB/pAB) | Living room, n = 17 | 1.48 μg/day | |||
| Bedroom, n = 10 | 2.80 μg/day | ||||
| Homes without dogs | |||||
| Living room, n = 27 | <LOD | ||||
| Bedroom, n = 19 | 0.116 μg/day | ||||
| Arbes et al. (60) | Homes, USA | Can f 1 | Reservoir dust | GM | |
| Sandwich ELISA | House indexa, n = 825 | 4.69 μg/g | |||
| (mAB/pAB) | Bedroom bed, n = 682 | 2.48 μg/g | |||
| Bedroom floor, n = 718 | 2.99 μg/g | ||||
| Living room floor, n = 731 | 3.61 μg/g | ||||
| Living room sofa, n = 690 | 5.49 μg/g | ||||
| Homes with dogs, n = 247 | 69.23 μg/g | ||||
| Homes without dogs, n = 570 | 1.33 μg/g | ||||
| Simons et al. (62) | Homes, USA | Can f 1 | Reservoir dust from bedroom | GM | |
| Sandwich ELISA | Inner city, n = 98 | 0.38 μg/g | |||
| (mAB/pAB) | Suburban, n = 19 | 5.5 μg/g | |||
| Homes with dogs | 13.4 μg/g | ||||
| Homes without dogs | 0.17 μg/g | ||||
| Nicholas et al. (73) | Homes, USA | Can f 1 | Reservoir dust from bedroom floor | GM | 95% CI |
| Sandwich ELISA | Homes with dogs, n = 254 | 1.24 μg/g | 0.91–1.71 μg/g | ||
| (mAB/pAB) | Dogs indoors, n = 219 | 1.59 μg/g | 1.14–2.21 μg/g | ||
| Dogs outdoors only, n = 30 | 0.13 μg/g | 0.07–0.23 μg/g | |||
| Homes without dogs, n = 738 | 0.055 μg/g | 0.048–0.063 μg/g | |||
| Bertelsen et al. (63) | Homes, Norway | Can f 1 | Reservoir dust from mattresses | GM | 95% CI |
| Sandwich ELISA | All homes, n = 797 | 0.61 μg/g | 0.53–0.73 μg/g | ||
| (mAB/pAB) | Girls, n = 360 | 0.78 μg/g | 0.62–0.98 μg/g | ||
| Boys, n = 437 | 0.50 μg/g | 0.41–0.62 μg/g | |||
| Homes without dogs, n = 674 | 0.31 μg/g | 0.27–0.34μg/g | |||
| Girls, n = 297 | 0.37 μg/g | 0.31–0.44 μg/g | |||
| Boys, n = 374 | 0.26 μg/g | 0.23–0.30 μg/g | |||
| Wardzynska et al. (75) | Homes, Poland | Can f 1 | Reservoir dust from mattresses | Median | IQR |
| Sandwich ELISA | Homes with dogs | ||||
| (mAB/pAB) | Rural, n = 13 | 0.55 μg/g | 0.17–2.47 μg/g | ||
| Urban, n = 57 | 5.0 μg/g | 3.25–7.07μg/g | |||
| Homes without dogs | |||||
| Rural, n = 176 | 0.35 μg/g | 0.22–0.64 μg/g | |||
| Urban, n = 84 | 1.55 μg/g | 0.85–2.44μg/g | |||
| Vredegoor et al. (55) | Homes, Netherlands | Can f 1 | Electrostatic cloths (28 days) | GM | |
| Sandwich ELISA | Homes of dog owners, n = 168 | ||||
| (mAB/pAB) | Labradoodle, n = 54 | 5.22 μg/m2 | |||
| Labrador retriever, n = 25 | 5.04 μg/m2 | ||||
| Poodle, n = 23 | 6.32 μg/m2 | ||||
| Spanish waterdog, n = 13 | 9.05 μg/m2 | ||||
| Airedale terrier, n = 22 | 8.44 μg/m2 | ||||
| Rest, n = 31 | 7.18 μg/m2 | ||||
| Perzanowski et al. (64) | Schools and homes, Sweden | Can f 1 | Reservoir dust | GM | Range |
| Sandwich ELISA | Schools, n = 176 | 3.3μg/g | <LOD–176 μg/g | ||
| (mAB/pAB) | Desk and chairs, n = 64 | 15 μg/g | 0.45–176 μg/g | ||
| Floors, n = 64 | 1.1 μg/g | <LOD–60 μg/g | |||
| Homes without pets, n = 74 | 2.0 μg/g | <LOD–22 μg/g | |||
| Homes with dogs, n = 29 | 79 μg/g | 13–625 μg/g | |||
| Arbes et al. (65) | Day-care centers, USA | Can f 1 | Reservoir dust from floors | GM | |
| Sandwich ELISA | 89 Day-care centers | 2.06 μg/g | |||
| (mAB/pAB) | 20 Day-care centers | ||||
| Carpet | 2.13 μg/g | ||||
| Smooth floor | 0.29 μg/g | ||||
| Tranter et al. (66) | Schools and day-care centers, USA | Can f 1 | Reservoir dust | Median | IQR |
| Sandwich ELISA | Schools | ||||
| (mAB/pAB) | Carpet, n = 79 | 0.45 μg/m2 | 0.23–1.4 μg/m2 | ||
| Smooth floor, n = 65 | 0.03 μg/m2 | 0.014–0.053 μg/m2 | |||
| Day-care centers | |||||
| Carpet, n = 42 | 0.44 μg/m2 | 0.18–0.96 μg/m2 | |||
| Furniture, n = 18 | 1.1 μg/m2 | 0.40–2.2 μg/m2 | |||
| Cai et al. (67) | Day-care centers, Sweden | Can f 1 | Petri dishes (30–40 days) | GM | Range |
| Sandwich ELISA | Diverse rooms, n = 97 | 7.2 ng/m2/day | 1.2–72.5 ng/m2/day | ||
| (mAB/pAB) | |||||
| Permaul et al. (68) | Schools and homes, USA | Can f 1 | Reservoir dust | GM | Range |
| MARIA | Schools, n = 229 | 0.08 μg/g | 0.004–285.8 μg/g | ||
| (mAB) | Homes (bedroom), n = 118 | 0.03 μg/g | 0.004–392.3 μg/g | ||
| Air samples (ion-charging device) | |||||
| Schools, n = 196 | 1.17 ng/m3 | ||||
| Custovic et al. (74) | Public places, UK | Can f 1 | Reservoir dust | Range | |
| Sandwich ELISA | Total (5 schools, 6 hotels, 4 cinemas, 6 pubs, 3 buses, 2 trains) | 0.2–52.5 μg/g | |||
| (mAB/pAB) | GM | 95% CI | |||
| Upholstered seats | 9.4 μg/g | 6.4–13.9 μg/g | |||
| Carpets | 1.5 μg/g | 1.3–1.7 μg/g | |||
| Custovic et al. (69) | Hospitals, UK | Can f 1 | Reservoir dust from upholstered | GM | Range |
| Sandwich ELISA | chairs, n = 42 | 21.6 μg/g | 4.0–63 μg/g | ||
| (mAB/pAB) | Air stationary samples (pumps), n = 10 | 0.12–0.56 ng/m3 | |||
| Partti-Pellinen et al. (70) | Public transport vehicles, Finland | Can f 1 | Reservoir dust | Median | Range |
| Sandwich ELISA | Seats, n = 8 | 2.4 μg/g | 0.02–8.5 μg/g | ||
| (mAB/pAB) | Floors, n = 10 | 0.2 μg/g | 0.004–0.86 μg/g | ||
| Samadi et al. (72) | Animal hospital, Netherlands | Can f 1 | Different locations | GM | Range |
| Sandwich ELISA + MARIA(mAB) | Air personal samples (pumps), n = 67 | 3.6 ng/m3 | <LOD–73.3 ng/m3 | ||
| Electrostatic cloths (14 days), n = 30 | 720 ng/m2 | <LOD–12,105 ng/m2 | |||
| Reservoir dust from floors, n = 110 | 7.1 ng/m2 | <LOD–13,644 ng/m2 | |||
mAB, monoclonal antibodies; pAB, polyclonal antibodies; GM, geometric mean; IQR, interquartile range; CI, confidence interval; LOD, limit of detection.
aHouse index represents the mean of the sample location concentrations.