Table 5.
Studies related to exposure assessment to horse allergen.
| Study | Environment/country | Assay | Sampling method | Allergen level | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emenius et al. (107) | Inside and outside a stable, Sweden | Equ c x | Air samples, n = 17 | AM | |
| Sandwich ELISA | Inside the stable | 439000 U/m3 | |||
| (mAB) | Stable entrance | 1140 U/m3 | |||
| 10–20 m from stable | 150 U/m3 | ||||
| 40–500 m from stable | <LOD | ||||
| Elfman et al. (108) | Inside and outside a stable, Sweden | Equ c x | Air samples (stationary) | Median | Range |
| Sandwich ELISA | Inside the stable, n = 12 | 4300 U/m3 | 1926–6272 U/m3 | ||
| (mAB) | Stable entrance, n = 10 | 316 U/m3 | 169–706 U/m3 | ||
| Source area, n = 49 | 16 U/m3 | <LOD–203 U/m3 | |||
| 50 m from stable, n = 27 | <LOD | <LOD–41 U/m3 | |||
| 100–500 m from stable, n = 91 | <LOD | <LOD–24 U/m3 | |||
| Electrostatic cloths, n = 29 | Median | Range | |||
| Source area | 27000 U/m2 | 3000–97000 U/m2 | |||
| 25–50 m from stable | 30000 U/m2 | 5000–195000 U/m2 | |||
| >100 m from stable | <LOD | <LOD–3000 kU/m2 | |||
| Emenius et al. (109) | Homes nearby stables, vicinity of a horse track, Sweden | Equ c x | Petri dishes (14 days) | Positive samples n | |
| Sandwich ELISA (mAB) | Indoors (living rooms), n = 45 | 6 (Apartments < 20 m from stable or families with horse contact) | |||
| Outdoors (balconies), n = 26 | 16 (15 Apartments < 250 m from stable) | ||||
| Aspen leaves | Allergen level | ||||
| 1 m from horse track | 100% | ||||
| 10 m from horse track | 31–37% | ||||
| 25 m from horse track | 8–9% | ||||
| No horse track | None | ||||
| Kim et al. (110) | Schools, Sweden | Equ c x | Reservoir dust from desks, chairs and floor, n = 92 | Median | Range |
| Sandwich ELISA | 945 U/g | <LOD–31000 U/g | |||
| (mAB) | |||||
| Merrit et al. (113) | Schools, Sweden | Equ c x | Reservoir dust from furniture and floor | GM | |
| Sandwich ELISA | Total, n = 116 | 1343 U/g | |||
| (mAB) | Classes > 12% horse contact | 2051 U/g | |||
| Classes < 12% horse contact | 880 U/g | ||||
| Petri dishes (14 days) | GM | ||||
| Total, n = 116 | 73.9 U/m2/day | ||||
| Classes > 12% horse contact | 96.2 U/m2/day | ||||
| Classes < 12% horse contact | 65.7 U/m2/day | ||||
| Cai et al. (67) | Day-care centers, Sweden | Equ c x | Petri dishes (30–40 days) | GM | Range |
| Sandwich ELISA | Diverse rooms, n = 97 | 5 U/m2/day | <LOD–208.7 U/m2/day | ||
| (mAB) | |||||
mAB, monoclonal antibodies; GM, geometric mean; LOD, limit of detection; AM, arithmetic mean.