Table 4.

In-hospital mortality for heart failure hospitalization, per 100

Description	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	relative change	p-for- trend
										(2001−2009)
ALL	4.5	4.3	4.2	4.0	3.8	3.6	3.3	3.3	3.3	−27.4%	<0.001
Age Categories
18 to <45	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.7	1.2	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.5	−8.1%	0.181
45 to <55	1.6	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3	−21.7%	<0.001
55 to <65	2.7	2.4	2.3	2.4	1.9	1.9	1.7	1.6	1.7	−35.7%	<0.001
65 to <75	3.6	3.5	3.3	3.2	2.9	2.8	2.5	2.5	2.5	−29.0%	<0.001
>=75	6.0	5.8	5.6	5.4	5.2	4.9	4.6	4.5	4.5	−25.4%	<0.001
Gender
Male	4.7	4.5	4.2	4.1	3.8	3.5	3.2	3.3	3.3	−30.5%	<0.001
Female	4.4	4.1	4.1	3.9	3.8	3.6	3.4	3.4	3.3	−24.8%	<0.001
Insurance status
Medicare	4.9	4.7	4.5	4.3	4.1	3.9	3.6	3.6	3.6	−27.4%	<0.001
Medicaid	2.6	2.5	2.6	2.3	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.7	−32.5%	<0.001
Private including HMO	3.8	3.1	3.3	3.3	3.2	3.0	3.1	2.9	3.0	−21.0%	0.009
Self Pay	2.3	2.1	1.9	2.6	2.1	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.1	−52.1%	<0.001
No charge	1.7	0.8	1.1	2.3	1.4	1.2	1.8	0.6	2.3	33.2%	0.757
Other	4.6	5.2	6.5	5.1	4.7	3.7	3.8	4.8	6.0	31.2%	0.660
Census Region
New England	5.0	4.6	4.1	4.1	3.9	4.0	3.4	3.7	3.8	−23.3%	0.001
Mid Atlantic	5.4	5.5	4.6	4.8	4.7	4.1	3.9	4.0	3.8	−29.9%	<0.001
South Atlantic	4.3	3.8	3.9	3.7	3.2	3.1	2.9	2.8	3.1	−28.8%	<0.001
West South Central	3.9	3.5	3.9	3.5	3.3	3.3	2.9	2.8	3.0	−23.7%	<0.001
East South Central	4.5	4.7	4.6	4.5	4.1	3.6	3.6	3.7	3.4	−23.5%	<0.001
West North Central	4.8	4.5	3.9	4.0	4.1	3.7	3.5	3.6	3.6	−25.0%	<0.001
East North Central	4.8	4.4	4.2	3.8	3.5	3.4	3.1	2.9	2.9	−39.5%	<0.001
Mountain	4.1	4.1	3.9	3.9	2.8	3.5	3.6	3.5	2.9	−29.4%	0.006
Pacific	4.6	4.3	4.4	4.0	3.9	3.7	3.6	3.8	3.3	−27.9%	<0.001
Selected comorbidities
Renal Failure
No	3.6	3.3	3.2	3.0	2.8	2.6	2.3	2.5	2.3	−36.8%	<0.001
Yes	11.3	10.5	9.7	9.0	7.2	5.5	4.9	4.6	4.5	−60.0%	<0.001
Cardio-respiratory failure and shock
No	3.0	2.7	2.6	2.5	2.4	2.2	2.0	2.0	1.8	−39.6%	<0.001
Yes	24.7	23.8	22.7	22.4	21.6	16.7	13.1	12.9	11.3	−54.2%	<0.001

Abbreviations: HMO, health maintenance organization