Table 1.

Characteristics of the Study Population by Diabetes Case Status at Visit 1, Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, 1987–1989

	Diabetes Case Status
	Noncases (n = 9,840)a			Incident Cases (n = 1,294)
	Mean (SD)	No.	%	Mean (SD)	No.	%
Uric acid concentration, mg/dL	5.0 (1.5)			5.9 (1.6)
Age, years	53.9 (5.7)			54.1 (5.6)
Male sex		4,258	43.3		634	49.0
Black race		1,798	18.3		387	29.9
Fasting glucose concentration, mg/dL	97.3 (8.4)			108.1 (9.5)
Fasting glucose category, mg/dL
<100		1,798	18.3		257	19.9
100–<126		3,614	36.7		1,037	80.1
Fasting insulin concentration, μM/mL	9.8 (7.1)			16.5 (10.6)
HOMA-IR	2.4 (1.8)			4.4 (3.0)
Fasting cholesterol level, mg/dL
Low-density lipoprotein	136.6 (38.5)			140.2 (39.3)
High-density lipoprotein	53.7 (17.3)			45.9 (13.9)
Fasting triglyceride level, mg/dL	103 (75–144)b			132.5 (95–184)b
Body mass indexc	26.7 (4.7)			30.5 (5.7)
Estimated glomerular filtration rate,  mL/minute per 1.73 m2	95.23 (14.0)			96.0 (15.6)
Hypertension		2,663	27.1		597	46.1
Family history of diabetes		2,256	22.9		484	37.4
Education beyond high school		4,760	48.4		536	41.4
Smoking status
Never smoker		4,248	43.2		503	38.9
Former smoker		3,220	32.7		472	36.5
Current smoker		2,372	24.1		319	24.7
Alcohol drinking status
Never drinker		2,250	22.9		355	27.4
Former drinker		1,600	16.3		256	19.8
Current drinker		5,990	60.9		683	52.8
Use of diuretic medication		1,458	14.8		342	26.4

Abbreviations: HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance index; SD, standard deviation.

^a Visit 1 noncases were study participants who did not report a physician's diagnosis of diabetes at visit 1, were not using diabetes medication at visit 1, did not have a serum glucose level of ≥126 mg/dL at visit 1, did not have a nonfasting glucose level of ≥200 mg/dL at visit 1, and did not go on to develop visit-based diabetes between visit 1 and visit 4.

^b Median value (interquartile range).

^c Weight (kg)/height (m)².