Table 3.
Mixed-effects logistic random intercept models examining factors associated with alcohol and drug use outcomes at 1, 5, 7, 9 and 11 years, among young and older adults who had no prior substance use treatment history, matched on gender, race/ethnicity and dependence type at treatment entry
| Model I: | Model II: | Model III: | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome = Remission | Outcome = No Binge Drinking | Outcome = Marijuana Use < Once/Month | |||||||||||||
| estimate std. err. | p | OR | 95% CI | estimate std. err. | p | OR | 95% CI | estimate std. err. | p | OR | 95% CI | ||||
| Intercept | 0.6168 | 0.4753 | 0.1956 | - | - | 1.4638 | 0.5750 | 0.0115 | - | - | 4.5739 | 0.9419 | <0.0001 | - | - |
| Time (0,4,6,8,10 at 1,5,7,9,11 yr) |
−0.1747 | 0.0809 | 0.0318 | 0.84 | ( 0.72 , 0.98 ) | −0.1989 | 0.1002 | 0.0483 | 0.82 | ( 0.67 , 1.00 ) | −0.2741 | 0.1199 | 0.0231 | 0.76 | ( 0.60 , 0.96 ) |
| Time square | 0.0163 | 0.0079 | 0.0414 | 1.02 | ( 1.00 , 1.03 ) | 0.0295 | 0.0102 | 0.0042 | 1.03 | ( 1.01 , 1.05 ) | 0.0274 | 0.0118 | 0.0205 | 1.03 | ( 1.00 , 1.05 ) |
| Women (vs. Men) | 0.8246 | 0.2588 | 0.0016 | 2.28 | ( 1.37 , 3.79 ) | 1.3800 | 0.3366 | <0.0001 | 3.97 | ( 2.05 , 7.69 ) | 1.1481 | 0.4805 | 0.0176 | 3.15 | ( 1.23 , 8.08 ) |
| Young adults (vs. older) | −1.1388 | 0.2600 | <0.0001 | 0.32 | ( 0.19 , 0.53 ) | −1.1720 | 0.3299 | 0.0005 | 0.31 | ( 0.16 , 0.59 ) | −1.6459 | 0.5012 | 0.0012 | 0.19 | ( 0.07 , 0.52 ) |
| Drug dependence at treatment entry |
−0.4377 | 0.3027 | 0.1494 | 0.65 | ( 0.36 , 1.17 ) | 0.5972 | 0.3500 | 0.0892 | 1.82 | ( 0.92 , 3.61 ) | −1.9603 | 0.6148 | 0.0016 | 0.14 | ( 0.04 , 0.47 ) |
| Alcohol ASI at treatment entry |
−0.8708 | 0.4740 | 0.0673 | 0.42 | ( 0.17 , 1.06 ) | −1.3536 | 0.5550 | 0.0154 | 0.26 | ( 0.09 , 0.77 ) | −0.9030 | 0.8568 | 0.2929 | 0.41 | ( 0.08 , 2.17 ) |
| Age of first use>15 (vs. <15) |
−0.1435 | 0.2604 | 0.5819 | 0.87 | ( 0.52 , 1.44 ) | −0.2739 | 0.3208 | 0.3940 | 0.76 | ( 0.41 , 1.43 ) | 1.0035 | 0.5008 | 0.0461 | 2.73 | ( 1.02 , 7.28 ) |
| Married at follow-ups (Yes vs . No) |
0.6026 | 0.2145 | 0.0053 | 1.83 | ( 1.20 , 2.78 ) | 0.8418 | 0.2764 | 0.0026 | 2.32 | ( 1.35 , 3.99 ) | 0.5119 | 0.3344 | 0.1270 | 1.67 | ( 0.87 , 3.21 ) |
| Emloyed at follow-ups (Yes vs . No) |
0.0085 | 0.2228 | 0.9696 | 1.01 | ( 0.65 , 1.56 ) | −0.3703 | 0.2832 | 0.1921 | 0.69 | ( 0.40 , 1.20 ) | 0.4598 | 0.3497 | 0.1896 | 1.58 | ( 0.80 , 3.14 ) |
| Receiving substance use treatment services when needed at follow-ups (Any vs. None) |
1.0464 | 0.2017 | <0.0001 | 2.85 | ( 1.92 , 4.23 ) | 1.1661 | 0.2743 | <0.0001 | 3.21 | ( 1.87 , 5.49 ) | 0.7990 | 0.3245 | 0.0145 | 2.22 | ( 1.18 , 4.20 ) |
| Receiving psychiatric treatment services when needed at follow-ups (Any vs. None) |
−0.1773 | 0.1901 | 0.3519 | 0.84 | ( 0.58 , 1.22 ) | −0.2627 | 0.2383 | 0.2714 | 0.77 | ( 0.48 , 1.23 ) | 0.0304 | 0.2902 | 0.9167 | 1.03 | ( 0.58 , 1.82 ) |
| 12-step meeting attendance at follow-ups (Any vs. None) |
1.3343 | 0.2406 | <0.0001 | 3.80 | ( 2.37 , 6.09 ) | 1.0514 | 0.3094 | 0.0008 | 2.86 | ( 1.56 , 5.25 ) | 0.4136 | 0.3536 | 0.2432 | 1.51 | ( 0.76 , 3.02 ) |
Note: All models adjust for study sample (ICS vs. DH).