Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants based upon elevated versus normal gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase levels in the Rancho Bernardo Study cohort.
| N | Total sample | Normal GGT (N = 2206) | Elevated GGT (N = 158) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years (SD) | 2364 | 69.7 (10.5) | 69.7 (10.6) | 68.6 (9.3) | .14 |
| Women, n (%) | 2364 | 1320 (55.8) | 1224 (55.5) | 96 (60.8) | .20 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | |||||
| Mean, SD | 2323 | 24.9 (3.7) | 24.9 (3.6) | 26.0 (4.4) | <.001 |
| 18–<25, n (%) | 1255 (54.0) | 1187 (54.8) | 68 (43.9) | <.002 | |
| 25–29, n (%) | 865 (37.2) | 802 (37.0) | 63 (40.6) | ||
| 30+, n (%) | 203 (8.7) | 179 (8.2) | 24 (15.5) | ||
| Alcohol, n (%) | 2364 | ||||
| None | 869 (36.8) | 816 (37.0) | 53 (33.5) | <.02 | |
| ≤ Median drinks/day | 739 (31.3) | 700 (31.7) | 39 (24.7) | ||
| > Median drinks/day | 756 (32.0) | 690 (31.3) | 66 (41.8) | ||
| SBP (SD) | 2362 | 138.9 (21.9) | 138.6 (22.0) | 144.2 (19.9) | <.002 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 2364 | 1741 (73.7) | 1602 (72.6) | 139 (88.0) | <.0001 |
| Lipid levels (SD) | |||||
| Total cholesterol | 2364 | 219.9 (40.0) | 218.86 (39.4) | 234.4 (44.6) | <.0001 |
| HDL | 2364 | 61.7 (18.7) | 61.8 (18.5) | 61.5 (21.6) | .87 |
| Triglyceride, median (IQR) | 2364 | 100.0 (76.0) | 97.0 (74.0) | 132.0 (96.0) | <.0001 |
| Total/HDL ratio | 2364 | 3.9 (1.3) | 3.8 (1.3) | 4.1 (1.4) | <.004 |
| FPG gm/dl (SD) | 2364 | 100.5 (20.1) | 99.9 (18.6) | 109.0 (34.1) | <.001 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 2364 | 339 (14.3) | 298 (13.5) | 41 (25.9) | <.0001 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 2364 | 289 (12.2) | 268 (12.2) | 21 (13.3) | .67 |
| CRP, median (IQR) | 1800 | 1.7 (3.0) | 1.7 (2.8) | 3.0 (6.0) | <.0001 |
| IL-6, median (IQR) | 1847 | 2.3 (2.2) | 2.2 (2.1) | 3.0 (2.8) | .0001 |
For variables whose median and IQR are shown, p-value corresponds to Wilcoxon two-sample test, difference between all other continuous variables assessed by t-test, chi-square used for categorical variables.
Abbreviations: SD; standard deviation, SBP; systolic blood pressure, HDL; high-density lipoprotein, FPG; fasting plasma glucose, CRP; c-reactive protein, IL-6; interleukin-6.