Table 1.
Demographic data, labour characteristics and neonatal outcomes of the three groups
| Labour in water (n=207) | Vaginal delivery with epidural analgesia (n=191) | Conventional vaginal delivery (n=204) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 26.2±5.1 | 26.1±4.5 | 25.5±5.1 | NS |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.2±5.3 | 28.2±6.3 | 27.6±3.6 | NS |
| Gestational week (weeks) | 39.1±1.1 | 39.1±1.3 | 38.8±1.3 | 0.0001 |
| Antenatal care (n, %) | 170 (82.1%) | 179 (33.7%) | 159 (77.9%) | 0.0001 |
| 1st stage of labour (min) | 265.6±546.6 | 268.7±177.4 | 240.1±190.8 | 0.0001 |
| 2nd stage of labour (min) | 10.9±5.02 | 28.3±13.3 | 23.9±14 | 0.0001 |
| 3rd stage of labour (min) | 3.8±1.5 | 5.3±4.4 | 8.02±3.3 | 0.0001 |
| Induction (n,%) | 11 (5.3%) | 58 (30.4%) | 57 (27.9%) | 0.0001 |
| Episiotomy (n,%) | 56 (27.1%) | 132 (69.1%) | 182 (89.2%) | 0.0001 |
| Perineal laceration (n,%) | 43 (20.8%) | 13 (6.8%) | 3 (1.5%) | 0.0001 |
| VAS* | 4.7±1.3 | 5.8±0.9 | 5.6±1.1 | 0.0001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 110±11 | 111±10 | 113±9 | 0.016 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 69±8 | 70±9 | 72±8 | 0.013 |
| Pulse (n) | 85±5 | 85±6 | 86±4 | 0.063 |
| Decrease in hemoglobin level (g/dl) | 0.22±1.1 | 0.51±1.05 | -0.12±5.89 | NS |
| Birthweight (g) | 3364.5±412.9 | 3228.1±370.2 | 3275.3±377.5 | 0.002 |
| 1st min Apgar scores | 0.001 | |||
| <7 | 26 (12.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (1.5%) | |
| ≥7 | 181 (87.4%) | 191 (100%) | 201 (98.5%) | |
| 5th min Apgar scores | ----- | |||
| <7 | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| ≥7 | 207 (100%) | 191 (100%) | 201 (100%) | |
| *NICU (n,%) | 5 (2.4%) | 7 (3.7%) | 2 (1%) | NS |
Mean±standart deviations and median were given for all variables, p value <0.05 was accepted as statistically significant, VAS*: Visual analog scale, *NICU: Neonatal intensive care unit