Table 2.
Comparison of water birth, epidural analgesia and conventional vaginal delivery in primiparous and multiparous women
| Primiparous (n=276) | Multiparous (n=326) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group 1 (Labor in water) | Group 2 (vaginal delivery with Epidural analgesia) | Controls (Conventional vaginal delivery) | p | Group 1 (Labor in water) with Epidural analgesia) | Group 2 (vaginal delivery | Controls (Conventional vaginal delivery) | p | |
| (n=52) | (n=156) | (n=68) | (n=155) | (n=35) | (n=136 ) | |||
| 1st stage (min) | 331.3±832.5 | 282.7±184.0 | 300±151.9 | 0.002 | 245.3±423.7 | 204.6±126.1 | 210.0±201.3 | 0.012 |
| 2nd stage (min) | 11±5 | 28.6±13.7 | 27.2±16.7 | 0.0001 | 10.9±5.01 | 26.8±11.6 | 22.2±12.1 | 0.0001 |
| 3rd stage (min) | 3.9±2.3 | 5.5±4.6 | 7.6±3.2 | 0.0001 | 3.7±1.2 | 4.5±3.3 | 8.1±3.3 | 0.0001 |
| Induction (n, %) | 3 (5.8%) | 50 (32.1%) | 30 (44.1%) | 0.0001 | 8 (5.2%) | 8 (22.9%) | 27 (19.9%) | 0.0001 |
| Episiotomy (n, %) | 27 (51.9 %) | 105 (67.3%) | 66 (97.1%) | 0.0001 | 29 (18.7%) | 27 (77.1%) | 116 (85.3%) | 0.0001 |
| Perineal laseration (n, %) | 14 (26.9%) | 10 (6.4%) | 1 (1.5%) | 0.0001 | 29 (18.7%) | 3 (8.6%) | 2 (1.5%) | 0.0001 |
| VAS* | 4.6±1.2 | 5.8±1.04 | 5.7±0.97 | 0.0001 | 4.7±1.3 | 5.8±0.7 | 5.6±1.18 | 0.0001 |
| Apgar 1st min >=7 | 40 (76.9%) | 156 (100%) | 67 (98.5%) | 0,001 | 141 (91.0%) | 35 (100%) | 134 (98.5%) | 0.004 |
| <7 | 12 (23.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (1.5%) | 14 (9.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (1.5%) | ||
| Apgar 5th min>=7 | 52 (100) | 156 (100%) | 68 (100%) | ---- | 155 (100) | 35 (100%) | 136 (100%) | ---- |
| NICU* | 4 (7.7%) | 7 (4.5%) | 0 | NS | 1 (0.6%) | 0 | 2 (1.5%) | NS |
VAS*: Visual analog scale, NICU*: Neonatal intensive care unit