Table 1.
Clinical symptoms in Wilson disease patients with liver disease.
| Author, Country [Ref] | Walshe, UK24 | Stremmel et al, Germany25 | Schilsky et al, USA26 | Scott et al, UK27 | Ferenci, Austria15 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N with liver disease (out of) | 87 (>250) | n.a (51) | 20a (320) | 17a (45) | 30 (64) |
| Presenting symptom | |||||
| Jaundice, anorexia, vomiting (%) | 44 | 14 | 15 | 41 | 37 |
| Ascites/edema (%) | 26 | 14 | 50 | 24 | 23 |
| Variceal hemorrhage (%) | 6 | 10 | 6 | 3 | |
| Hemorrhagic diathesis (%) | 8 | 3 | |||
| Hemolysis (%) | 20 | 10 | 5 | 10 | |
| Hepatomegaly/splenomegaly (%) | 16 | 49 | 15 | 29 | 17 |
| Acute liver failure (%) | n.a | n.a | n.a | n.a | 17 |
| Asymptomaticb (%) | 18 | 5 | 23 | ||
a
Only cases with chronic active hepatitis.
b
Elevated ALT at routine testing or accidental finding of cirrhosis or of Kayser-Fleischer rings (Reproduced with permission from Elsevier Publications J Hepatol. 2012; 56:671–85).