Table 1.

ISIS recommendations

ISIS recommendation	Action items
Develop and apply systems methods and processes	Encourage systems thinking theory and research development Foster mixed-methods systems thinking Conduct participatory systems needs assessments Encourage an ecologic perspective on implementation
Build and maintain network relationships	Create multijurisdictional/multilevel networks of networks for systems thinking and action Study the networks of networks to determine their effects Encourage transdisciplinarity Foster systems evaluation
Build system and knowledge capacity	Build capacity for systems thinking Expand public health data to enable systems analyses Integrate information silos through cyber-infrastructure development
Encourage transformation to a systems culture	Encourage ongoing vision and paradigm evolution Rethink prioritizing and funding Foster a systems-thinking learning environment Address barriers to the adoption of systems thinking Engender systems leadership