Light-Sensitive Injectable Prescription Drugs

University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Drug Information Group

doi:10.1310/hpj4902-136

. 2014 Feb 19;49(2):136–163. doi: 10.1310/hpj4902-136

Light-Sensitive Injectable Prescription Drugs

University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Drug Information Group^*

PMCID: PMC3940680 PMID: 24623868

Exposure to light is a concern with numerous medications due to the potential for photodegradation or other chemical reactions that affect drug stability. In 2009, Hospital Pharmacy published a list of oral medications that require protection from light.¹ This reference does not provide information on injectable drugs and, to our knowledge, there is no comprehensive list of injectable medications that require protection from light published in the United States.² Therefore, the purpose of this table is to supplement the previously published list of oral medications by identifying injectable drugs that require protection from light.

A list of injectable medications that require light protection was generated utilizing Facts & Comparisons.³ A comprehensive list of monographs that contained the words “protect” and “light” was created in December 2012. Additional searches were performed using similar phrases such as “exposure to light.” For drug classes that appeared to have several medications requiring light protection, monographs for the whole class were checked. A supplementary search was performed in May 2013 to ensure inclusion of new injectable medications approved through April 2013.

The prescribing information (PI) was used as the primary reference for each injectable medication. Additional resources were used to confirm this information.^4–7 For medications with numerous manufacturers, multiple PIs were checked for accuracy. When it was found that not all manufacturers specified the need for light protection, this was noted in the additional comments field and only the brand names of products requiring light protection were listed in the table. When information was not available or consistent among these references, additional sources were checked, a literature search was performed, and/or the manufacturer was contacted. These data are noted in the additional comments field and are referenced accordingly. Despite efforts to confirm the information in at least 2 additional sources, some medications have the PI as the only source with instructions for light protection including those approved between December 2012 and April 2013. When stability depends on light protection during storage, reconstitution, dilution, and/ or administration, the reader should consult the references listed in the additional comments field for further details. Additional storage requirements (eg, temperature, humidity) are not included in this table.

Although every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy and completeness of the information presented in this chart, the reader is advised that the authors, Hospital Pharmacy, or Thomas Land Publishers cannot be held responsible for the currency of the information, for any errors or omissions, or for any consequences that may arise. The reader should consult the product prescribing information for the most current information.

Drug	Storage	Reconstitution	Dilution	Administration	Additional comments
Abatacept Orencia	X				Protect from light by storing in the original package until time of use.^7,8

Abobotulinumtoxin A Dysport	X	X			Protect from light.⁹ Stability of reconstituted solutions is affected by light exposure; refer to prescribing information for details regarding storage after reconstitution.

Adalimumab Humira	X				Protect from exposure to light.¹⁰ Do not use if left in direct sunlight. Store in original carton until time of administration.^5,10

Aflibercept Eylea	X				Protect from light and store in the original carton until time of use.^5,11

Aldesleukin Proleukin	X				Protect intact vials from light and store in carton until time of use.^6,12

Alemtuzumab Campath	X		X		Protect from light and direct sunlight.^7,13 Stability of diluted solutions is affected by light exposure; refer to prescribing information for details regarding storage after dilution.¹³

Alefacept Amevive	X				Protect from light and retain in drug/diluent pack until time of use.^5,14

Alfentanil Alfenta	X				Protect from light.^6,7,15

Alglucosidase Alfa Lumizyme Myozyme	X	X	X		Protect from light.^16,17 The reconstituted and diluted solution should be protected from light.^5,16,17

Alteplase, Recombinant Activase Cathflo Activase	X				Protect from excessive exposure to light during extended storage.^7,18,19 Activase: Protect from light in cartons.⁷ Exposure to light does not affect the potency of either reconstituted solutions or dilutions in compatible infusion solutions.^6,18

Amino Acid Preparations	X				Tertiary sources state that amino acid products should be protected from light until time of use.^6,7 Check the individual prescribing information for the specific product for further information.

Aminophylline	X				Protect from light and keep vials in carton until time of use.^6,7,20

Aminophylline Dihydrate	X				Protect from light and store in carton until time of use.^6,7,21

Amiodarone Nexterone	X				Use carton to protect contents from light until used.^7,22 Does not need to be protected from light during administration but exposure to direct sunlight should be avoided.^6,22

Amphotericin B Desoxycholate	X	X		X	Protect against exposure to light prior to reconstitution.^6,7,23 Stability of reconstituted solutions is affected by light exposure; refer to prescribing information and tertiary source for details regarding storage after reconstitution.^6,23 Solutions should be protected from light during administration.²³ Several reports indicate that for short-term exposure, little difference in potency is observed between light-protected and light-exposed solutions.⁶

Amphotericin B Lipid Complex Abelcet	X				Protect from exposure to light and retain in carton until time of use.^6,7,24

Anakinra Kineret	X				Protect from light.^6,25

Antihemophilic Factor, Recombinant Advate Helixate FS Kogenate FS Recombinate Xyntha	X				Advate, Helixate FS, Kogenate FS, Recombinate: Protect from extreme exposure to light and store in carton prior to use.^26–29 Xyntha: Protect from light during storage.^7,30

Anti-inhibitor Coagulant Complex Feiba NF	X				Store in the original package to protect from light.³¹

Antithymocyte Globulin (Rabbit) Thymoglobulin	X				Protect intact vials from light.^6,7,32

Argatroban	X		X		Retain in the original carton to protect from light.^6,7,33 Prepared solutions should not be exposed to direct sunlight. Stability of diluted solutions is affected by light exposure; refer to prescribing information for details regarding storage after dilution.³³

Aripiprazole Abilify	X				Protect from light and store in original container until time of use.^5,6,34

Articaine and Epinephrine Septocaine	X				Protect from light.^5,35

Ascorbic Acid	X				Protect intact containers from light by keeping them in the carton until ready for use.^6,36

Atropine AtroPen	X				Protect from light.³⁷

Atropine and Pralidoxime DuoDote	X				Protect from light.³⁸ Each DuoDote is supplied in a pouch that provides protection from light.

Azathioprine	X				Protect from light and retain in carton until time of use.^6,7,39

Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) TICE BCG BCG vaccine	X	X			Protect from direct sunlight.^40,41 Reconstituted product should be protected from exposure to direct sunlight. Stability of reconstituted solutions is affected by light exposure; refer to prescribing information for details regarding storage after reconstitution.

Belatacept Nulojix	X		X		Protect from light by storing in the original package until time of use.^7,42 Stability of diluted solutions is affected by light exposure; refer to prescribing information for details regarding storage after dilution.⁴²

Bendamustine Treanda	X		X		Retain in original package until time of use to protect from light.^7,43 Stability of diluted solutions is affected by light exposure; refer to prescribing information for details regarding storage after dilution.⁴³

Betamethasone Acetate and Betamethasone Sodium Phosphate Celestone Soluspan	X				Protect from light.^5,44

Bevacizumab Avastin	X				Protect vials from light by storing in the original carton until time of use.^7,45

Bicisate Neurolite	X				Protect vial A from light.^5,46

Bortezomib Velcade	X	X			Retain in the original container to protect from light.^5,6,47 Stability of reconstituted solutions is affected by light exposure; refer to prescribing information and tertiary source for details regarding storage after reconstitution.^6,47

Brentuximab Vedotin Adcetris	X				Store in the original carton to protect from light.^7,48

Bumetanide	X				Protect from light.^6,49

Bupivacaine and Epinephrine Marcaine Vivacaine Sensorcaine Sensorcaine MPF	X				Solutions containing epinephrine should be protected from light.^50–53

Buprenorphine Buprenex	X				Should be protected from prolonged exposure to light.^6,7,54

Butorphanol	X				Protect from light.^6,7,55

C1 Esterase Inhibitor (Human) Berinert Cinryze	X				Store the vial in the original carton to protect from light.^7,56,57

Calcitriol Calcijex	X				Keep ampules in package until time of use.⁵⁸ Drug can be stored in a syringe for up to 8 hours prior to administration but must be protected from direct sunlight.^6,7,58

Canakinumab Ilaris	X	X			Store in the original carton to protect from light.^5,59 Stability of reconstituted solutions is affected by light exposure; refer to prescribing information for details regarding storage after reconstitution.⁵⁹

Carboplatin	X				Protect intact vials from light.^6,7,60

Carfilzomib Kyprolis	X				Retain in original package to protect from light.^5,61

Carmustine BiCNU	X	X	X		All forms should be protected from light. Stability of reconstituted and diluted solutions is affected by light exposure; refer to prescribing information for details regarding storage after reconstitution and dilution.⁶² Refer to tertiary source for details regarding light effects.⁶

Cefazolin	X	X			The manufacturer and some tertiary sources recommend to protect from light before reconstitution.^5,7,63 One tertiary source recommends protection from light for both the powder and its solutions.⁶

Cefepime Maxipime	X				Protect from light.^6,7,64

Cefotaxime Claforan	X	X			Both the dry material and solutions should be protected from excessive light.^6,7,65

Cefotetan	X				Intact vials should be protected from light.^5,6,66

Ceftazidime Fortaz Tazicef	X				Intact vials should be stored in carton and protected from light.^6,7,67,68

Ceftriaxone Rocephin	X				Intact vial should be protected from light.^6,7,69 After reconstitution, protection from normal light is not necessary.^6,69

Cefuroxime Zinacef	X				Intact vials should be protected from light.^6,7,70

Cephalosporin-Dextrose Dual Chamber Products	X				All available injectable cephalosporin-dextrose dual chamber products have foil on the product designed to protect the powder from light; if the foil is removed before reconstitution/dilution with dextrose, the powder would still need protection from light.^71–77 Once diluted, light protection is not necessary.

Certolizumab Pegol Cimzia	X	X			Protect solution from light and store in the carton.⁷⁸

Cetrorelix Cetrotide	X				Keep the packaged tray in the outer carton to protect it from light.^5,79

Chloroprocaine Nesacaine Nesacaine-MPF	X				It is recommended that these vials be stored in the original outer containers, protected from direct sunlight.⁸⁰

Chlorpromazine	X				Protect from light.^7,81

Choriogonadotropin Alfa Ovidrel	X				Store in original package and protect from light.^5,82

Ciprofloxacin	X				Protect from light.^6,7,83 Refer to tertiary source for details regarding light effects.⁶

Cisatracurium Nimbex	X				Protect from light.^6,7,84

Cisplatin	X		X		Protect unopened container from light.^6,85 Stability of diluted solutions is affected by light exposure; refer to prescribing information or tertiary source for details regarding storage after dilution. Refer to tertiary sources for details regarding light effects and exposure to ultraviolet light.^6,7,85

Cladribine Leustatin	X				When stored properly and protected from light, unopened vials are stable until the expiration date indicated on the package.^6,7,86

Clevidipine Cleviprex	X				Protect from light.⁷ Storage in cartons protects against photodegradation.⁸⁷ Protection from light during administration is not required.

Conivaptan Vaprisol	X				Do not remove container from overwrap until ready for use. The overwrap is a moisture and light barrier.^7,88

Corticorelin Ovine Triflutate Acthrel	X				Stable in the lyophilized form when stored properly and protected from light.⁸⁹

Cosyntropin	X				Protect from light.^7,90 The manufacturers of products available in powder form provide no recommendations regarding light protection.^91–94

Cyanocobalamin	X				The vitamin B12 coenzymes are unstable in light and require protection from light.^6,95

Cyclosporine SandIMMUNE	X				Protect from light.^6,7,96 Light protection is not required for IV admixtures.⁶

Cytarabine	X				Protect from light and retain in carton until time of use.^97–99 Not all manufacturers provide recommendations regarding light protection.^98–100 ^multiple products from the same manufacturer provide different recommendations regarding light protection.

Dacarbazine	X				Protect from light.^6,101 Refer to tertiary source for details regarding light effects on reconstituted and diluted solutions.⁶

Dactinomycin Cosmegen	X				Protect from light.^6,7,102

Dantrolene Dantrium Revonto	X	X			The contents of the vial must be protected from direct light and used within 6 hours after reconstitution.^7,103,104 Protect reconstituted solution from direct light.⁷

Darbepoetin Alfa Aranesp	X				Protect vials and prefi lled syringes from light during storage.^7,105

Daunorubicin Liposome DaunoXome	X				Protect from light.^7,106

Daunorubicin Cerubidine	X	X			Protect from light and retain in carton until time of use.^6,7,107 Stability of reconstituted solutions is affected by light exposure; refer to tertiary source for details regarding storage after reconstitution.⁶

Denosumab Prolia Xgeva	X				Protect from direct light and store in original carton.^5,108,109

Desirudin Iprivask	X				Protect from light.^5,110

Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate	X				Protect from light and store in container until time of use.^5,6,111

Dexrazoxane Totect	X				Protect from light and keep vials in carton until ready for use.^7,112 The manufacturers of other products provide no recommendations regarding light protection.^113–115

Diatrizoate Meglumine/Sodium Cystografin MD-76R	X				Cystografin should be protected from light.¹¹⁶ MD-76R must be protected from strong daylight or direct exposure to the sun.¹¹⁷

Iodipamide Meglumine and Diatrizoate Meglumine Sinografin	X				Protect from light.¹¹⁸

Diazepam	X				Protect from light.^6,7,119

Digoxin Lanoxin	X				Protect from light.^6,7,120


Dihydroergotamine D.H.E. 45	X				Store in light-resistant containers and protect from light.^7,121

Dimenhydrinate	X				Protect from light.^5,122

Diphenhydramine	X				Protect from light and store in light-resistant containers.^6,7,123

Dipyridamole Persantine	X				Protect from direct light and keep covered in carton until time of use.^7,124

Docetaxel Docefrez Taxotere	X				Retain in the original package to protect from bright light.^6,7,125,126

Dolasetron Anzemet	X				Protect intact containers from light.^6,7,127 Stability of diluted solutions is affected by light exposure; refer to prescribing information for details regarding storage after dilution.¹²⁷

Dopamine	X				Protect from light and retain in carton until time of use.¹²⁸ Refer to tertiary source for details regarding effects of fluorescent and blue phototherapy light.⁶

Doxercalciferol Hectorol	X				Protect from light.^7,129

Doxorubicin Adriamycin	X	X			Protect from light and retain in carton until time of use.^6,7,130 Stability of reconstituted solutions is affected by light exposure; refer to prescribing information and tertiary source for details regarding storage after reconstitution.^6,130

Doxycycline	X	X	X	X	Protect from light and retain in carton until time of use.^6,7,131 Stability is affected by light exposure; refer to prescribing information for details regarding storage and light after reconstitution, dilution, and during administration.¹³¹

Droperidol	X				Protect from light and retain in carton until time of use.^6,7,132

Ecallantide Kalbitor	X				Protect vials from light until use.^5,133

Eculizumab Soliris	X				Store in the original carton until time of use and protect from light.^7,134

Ephedrine	X				Protect from light.^6,135

Epinephrine Adrenalin EpiPen EpiPen Jr	X				Adrenalin: Protect from exposure to light.^6,7,136 EpiPen and EpiPen Jr: Protect from light.^6,137 Store auto-injectors in the provided carrier tube.¹³⁷

Epirubicin Ellence	X	X			Protect from light.^7,138 Protect intact vials from exposure to light.⁶ Stability of reconstituted solutions is affected by light exposure; refer to tertiary source for details regarding storage after reconstitution.

Epoetin Alfa Epogen Procrit	X				Protect from light and store in original containers until time of use.^7,139,140

Epoprostenol Flolan Veletri	X	X		X	Flolan: Unopened vials should be protected from light in the carton.^6,7,141 Prior to use, reconstituted solutions must be protected from light if not used immediately. Do not expose to direct sunlight during storage or in use. Veletri: Unopened vials should be protected from light in the carton.^7,142 Prior to use, solutions reconstituted with 5 mL diluent must be protected from light.¹⁴² Do not expose solution to direct sunlight.

Eptifibatide Integrilin	X				Protect from light until administration.^6,7,143

Esomeprazole Nexium I.V.	X				Protect from light and store in carton until time of use.^6,7,144

Etanercept Enbrel	X				Keep the product in the original carton to protect from light until the time of use.^5,145

Ethanolamine Ethamolin	X				Protect from light.^5,146

Etoposide Phosphate Etopophos	X				Retain in original package to protect from light.^6,147

Exenatide Bydureon Byetta	X				Bydureon: Protect from light until ready to prepare and use dose.^5,148 Byetta: Protect from light.^5,149

Factor VIIa (Recombinant) NovoSeven RT	X	X			Protect from light prior to reconstitution.¹⁵⁰ Keep mixed solution out of direct light.^5,150

Factor XIII Concentrate (Human) Corifact	X				Keep in original carton to protect from light.^7,151

Fentanyl Sublimaze	X				Protect from light.^6,7,152

Fibrinogen Concentrate (Human) RiaSTAP	X				Protect from light and keep in original carton until ready to use.^7,153

Fluorouracil Adrucil	X				Protect from light and retain in carton until time of use.^6,7,154 Exposure to sunlight or intense incandescent light has caused degradation.⁶

Fluphenazine Decanoate	X				Protect from light and retain vial in carton until ready for use.^5,155

Fluphenazine Hydrochloride	X				Solutions should be protected from light.^5,6,156

Folic Acid	X				Protect from light and retain vial in carton until contents are used.^6,7,157

Follitropin Alfa Gonal-f Gonal-f RFF Gonal-f RFF Pen	X	X			Protect from light.^5,158–160 The single use vial and pen should be protected from light during storage.^159,160 The multidose vial only requires protection from light after reconstitution.¹⁵⁸

Follitropin Beta Follistim Follistim AQ	X				Protect from light.^5,161,162 Keep container in carton.¹⁶²

Fulvestrant Faslodex	X				Protect from light and store in the original carton until time of use.^5,163

Furosemide	X				Protect from light.^6,7,164 Refer to tertiary source for details regarding specific mechanisms of photodegradation.

Gadodiamide Omniscan	X				Protect from strong daylight and direct exposure to sunlight.¹⁶⁵

Gadofosveset Ablavar Vasovist	X				Protect from light.^5,166,167

Gadopentetate Dimeglumine Magnevist	X				Injection should be protected from light.^5,168

Gadoteridol ProHance	X				Protect from light.¹⁶⁹

Gadoversetamide optiMARK	X				Protect from light.^5,170

Galsulfase Naglazyme	X				Protect from light.¹⁷¹

Ganirelix	X				Protect from light.¹⁷²

Glatiramer Copaxone	X				Protect from light when not injecting.¹⁷³ Exposure to intense light should be avoided.^5,173

Glucagon (rDNA origin) GlucaGen Hypokit	X				Keep in original package to protect from light.^7,174

Gold Sodium Thiomalate Myochrysine	X				Protect from light and store in carton until contents have been used.^5,175

Golimumab Simponi	X				Keep the product in the original carton until the time of use to protect from light.^5,176

Granisetron	X				Protect from light and retain in carton until time of use.^6,7,177


Haemophilus Influenza Type B Conjugate Vaccine Hiberix	X				Vials should be protected from light.¹⁷⁸ The manufacturers of PedvaxHIB and ActHIB provide no recommendations regarding light protection.^179–180

Haloperidol Decanoate Haldol Decanoate	X				Protect from light and keep in carton until empty.^5,181

Haloperidol Lactate	X				Protect from light.^6,182

Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Gardasil	X				Protect from light.¹⁸³ The manufacturer of Cervarix provides no recommendation regarding light protection.¹⁸⁴

Hyaluronic Acid Derivatives Euflexxa Hyalgan Synvisc Synvisc-One	X				Store in the original packaging and protect from light.^{3,5,185–188} The manufacturers of Supartz and Orthovisc provide no recommendations regarding light protection.^189,190

Hyaluronidase Vitrase	X				Protect from light.^5,¹⁹¹

Hydrocortisone Sodium Succinate Solu-cortef		X			Protect reconstituted solution from light.^6,7,192

Hydromorphone Dilaudid Dilaudid-HP	X		X		Protect from light and keep covered in carton until time of use.^6,7,193 Stability of diluted solutions is affected by light exposure; refer to prescribing information for details regarding storage after dilution.¹⁹³

Hydroxocobalamin	X				Protect from light.¹⁹⁴

Hydroxyprogesterone Makena	X				Protect vial from light and store vial in original box.^5,195

Hydroxyzine	X				Protect from light.¹⁹⁶

Ibuprofen Lysine NeoProfen	X				Protect from light and store vials in carton until contents have been used.^6,7,197

Idarubicin Idamycin PFS	X				Protect from light and retain in carton until time of use.^6,198

Idursulfase Elaprase	X				Protect from light.^5,199

Immune Globulin (Human) Flebogamma DIF Gammagard Liquid Gammaplex Hizentra Privigen	X				Recommended storage conditions vary among immune globulin products.^6,7 Check the individual prescribing information for the specific product for further information. In general, the listed brand products require light protection by storing in the original container.^200–204 The manufacturers of other products provide no recommendations regarding light protection.^205–209

Indigotindisulfonate Indigo Carmine	X				Store in the dark, away from direct light, preferably in the original package.^5,210

Indomethacin Indocin	X				Protect from light and store in carton until contents have been used.^6,7,211

Influenza (Inactivated) Vaccine Afluria Fluarix Flublok Flucelvax FluLaval Fluvirin	X				Protect from light.^212–217 Store in the original package.^213,216,217

Insulin Aspart Insulin Aspart/Protamine Novolog Novolog 70/30	X				Keep unopened product in the carton to protect from light.^218,219 Do not expose opened or unopened product to excessive/direct heat and sunlight.^7,218,219

Insulin Detemir Levemir	X				Keep unopened product in the carton to protect from light.²²⁰ Do not expose opened or unopened product to direct heat or sunlight.^5,220

Insulin Glulisine Apidra Apidra Solostar	X				Protect from light.²²¹ Keep opened and unopened product away from direct heat and sunlight.^7,221

Insulin Glargine Lantus	X				Keep opened and unopened product away from direct heat and light.^5,222

Insulin Lispro Insulin Lispro/Protamine Humalog Humalog Mix 50/50 Humalog Mix 75/25	X				Keep unopened product in its original carton to protect from light.²²³ Protect opened and unopened product from direct heat and light.^{5,6,223–225}

Insulin Isophane (NPH) Insulin Isophane (NPH)/Regular Novolin N Humulin N	X				Novolin N: Keep unopened products in the carton to protect from light.²²⁶ Keep opened products away from direct heat and light. Humulin N: Keep opened products away from direct heat and light.²²⁷

Insulin Regular Novolin R Humulin R	X				Novolin R: Store unopened vials in original carton to protect from light.²²⁸ Keep opened vials away from heat and light. Humulin R: Keep opened vials away from heat and light.^6,7,229

Interferon Beta-1a Avonex Rebif	X				Protect from light.^5,230,231

Iodipamide Meglumine Cholografin	X				Protect from light.^6,232

Iodixanol Visipaque	X				Protect polymer bottles from strong daylight and direct exposure to sunlight.^6,233 Do not remove foil overwrap until immediately before use.⁶

Iohexol Omnipaque	X				Protect polymer bottles from strong daylight and direct exposure to sunlight.^6,234 Protect solution from exposure to light.²³⁴ Do not remove containers from light-protective foil overwrap until immediately before use.⁶

Iopamidol Isovue Isovue-M	X				Protect from light.^6,235,236

Iopromide Ultravist	X				Protect from light.^5,237

Iothalamate Meglumine Conray	X				Protect from strong daylight or direct exposure to the sun.^5,6,238

Ioversol Optiray	X				Protect from strong daylight or direct exposure to the sun.²³⁹

Ioxaglate Meglumine and Ioxaglate Sodium Hexabrix	X				Protect from strong daylight or direct exposure to the sun.^5,6,240

Ipilimumab Yervoy	X				Protect vials from light.^7,241

Irinotecan Camptosar	X		X		Protect from light and keep the vial in the carton until the time of use.^6,7,242 Stability of diluted solutions is affected by light exposure; refer to prescribing information and tertiary sources for details regarding storage after dilution.

Isoniazid	X				Protect from light.²⁴³

Isoproterenol Isuprel	X				Protect from light and keep in opaque container until used.^6,244

Ixabepilone Ixempra	X				Retain in original package until time of use to protect from light.^7,245

Japanese Encephalitis Virus Vaccine Ixiaro	X				Store in the original package to protect from light.^5,246

Ketamine Ketalar	X				Protect from light.^6,247 May darken upon prolonged exposure to light, but this darkening does not affect concentration.

Ketorolac Tromethamine	X				Protect from light and retain in carton until time of use.^6,7,248 Prolonged exposure to light may result in discoloration of the solution and precipitation.

Labetalol	X				Protect from light.^6,7,249

Lanreotide Somatuline Depot	X				Protect from light in its original package and keep pouch sealed until injection.^5,250

Laronidase Aldurazyme	X				Protect from light.²⁵¹

Leucovorin	X				Protect from light and retain in carton until time of use.^5,6,252

Leuprolide	X				Protect from light and store vial in carton until contents are used.^5,253

Levocarnitine	X				All generic manufacturers recommend to store in carton until time of use to protect from light.^254–256 The manufacturer of Carnitor provides no recommendation regarding light protection.²⁵⁷

Levofloxacin Levaquin	X				Vials and pre-mixed solutions should be protected from light.^6,7,258

Levoleucovorin Fusilev	X				Store vials of both lyophilized powder and ready-to-use solution in carton until contents are used.^7,259

Levothyroxine	X				Protect from light.^6,260

Lidocaine Lidocaine /Epinephrine Xylocaine MPF	X				Vials and premixed solutions should be protected from light.^6,261

Liraglutide Victoza	X				Protect from excessive sunlight.^5,262

Linezolid Zyvox	X				Protect from light.^6,7,263 Infusion bags should be kept in the overwrap until ready to use.^5,6,7,263

Lorazepam Ativan	X				Use carton to protect contents from light.^6,7,264

Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Virus Vaccine M-M-R II	X	X			Protect the vaccine from light at all times, since such exposure may inactivate the viruses.^5,265 Stability of reconstituted vaccine is affected by light exposure; refer to prescribing information for details regarding storage after reconstitution.²⁶⁵

Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Varicella Virus Vaccine ProQuad	X	X			Protect the vaccine from light at all times since such exposure may inactivate the vaccine viruses.^5,266 If not used immediately, reconstituted vaccine may be stored for up to 30 minutes if protected from light.

Mecasermin Increlex	X				Protect unopened and opened vials from direct light.^5,267

Mechlorethamine Mustargen	X				Protect from light.^5,268

Melphalan Alkeran	X				Protect from light.^6,7,269

Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine Menveo	X				Protect from light.²⁷⁰ The manufacturer of Menactra provides no recommendation regarding light protection.²⁷¹

Menotropins Repronex	X				Protect from light.^5,272

Mepivacaine and Mepivacaine/ Levonordefrin Scandonest Plain, Scandonest L	X				For protection from light, retain in box until time of use.²⁷³ Once opened, the box should be reclosed.

Methadone	X				Protect from light and store in carton until contents have been used.^6,7,274

Methotrexate	X	X			Protect from light.^6,7,275 Stability of diluted solutions is affected by light exposure; refer to tertiary source for details regarding storage after dilution.

Methylergonovine Methergine	X				Protect from light.^6,7,276

Methylnaltrexone Relistor	X				Protect from light.^5,277 Refer to prescribing information for details regarding storage and light after the solution is drawn into syringe.²⁷⁷

Methylprednisolone Sodium Succinate A-Methapred	X				Protect from light.^6,7,278

Metoclopramide Reglan	X		X		Protect from light and store vials in carton until used.^6,7,279 Stability of diluted solutions is affected by light exposure; refer to prescribing information for details regarding storage after dilution.²⁷⁹

Metoprolol Tartrate Lopressor	X				Protect from light.^6,7,280

Metronidazole Flagyl	X				Protect from light during storage.^6,7,281 Refer to tertiary source for details regarding light effects.

Micafungin Mycamine	X		X	X	Vials are coated with a light protective fi lm.²⁸² The diluted solution should be protected from light.^6,7,282 It is not necessary to cover the infusion drip chamber or the tubing.²⁸²

Mipomersen Kynamro	X				Protect from light and keep in the original carton until time of use.^5,283

Mitomycin	X	X			Intact vials and reconstituted solutions should be protected from light.^5,6,284

Morphine Astramorph PF Duramorph	X				Protect from light and store in carton until ready to use.^6,7,285,286

Nalbuphine	X				Protect from light and store in carton until contents have been used.^6,7,287

Naloxone	X				Protect from light.^6,7,288

Natalizumab Tysabri	X				Protect from light.^7,289

Neostigmine	X				Protect from light and store in shelf pack until time of use.^6,7,290 Refer to tertiary source for details regarding storage and light after the solution is drawn into syringe.⁶

Nesiritide Natrecor	X				Keep the vial in the outer carton in order to protect from light.^6,291

Nicardipine Cardene I.V.	X		X*		Store in carton protected from light.^6,7,292 *Stability of diluted solutions is affected by exposure to daylight; one tertiary source states that protection from light may be considered for diluted solutions.⁶

Nitroglycerin	X				Protect vials from light and retain vials in carton until time of use.^5,7,293,294 Diluted solutions do not require protection from light.^6,295

Nitroprusside Nitropress	X	X	X	X	Store vials in carton in order to protect from light.^5,296 Stability is affected by light exposure; refer to prescribing information and tertiary source for details regarding storage and light after reconstitution, dilution, and during administration.^7,296

Norepinephrine Levophed	X				Protect from light.^6,7,297

Ocriplasmin Jetrea	X				Protect the vials from light by storing in the original package until time of use.^5,298

Octreotide Sandostatin	X				Store in outer carton to protect from light.^6,7,299

Ofatumumab Arzerra	X				Vials should be protected from light.^7,300

Olanzapine Zyprexa	X				Protect from light.^5,301

Omalizumab Xolair		X			Reconstituted vials should be protected from direct sunlight.³⁰²

Omacetaxine Synribo	X	X			Until use, keep product in carton to protect from light.^5,303 Protect reconstituted solution from light.³⁰³

Ondansetron Zofran	X				Protect vials from light.^6,7,304

Oprelvekin Neumega	X	X			Lyophilized powder and diluents should be protected from light.^5,305

Orphenadrine	X				All generic manufacturers recommend to protect from light.^306–309 One generic manufacturer states to retain in carton until time of use.³⁰⁹ The manufacturer of Norflex provides no recommendation regarding light protection.³¹⁰

Oxaliplatin Eloxatin	X				Vials with concentrate for solution should be protected from light by keeping in the outer carton.^6,7,311 Store unopened vials containing powder for solution under normal lighting conditions.

Oxymorphone Opana	X				Protect from light.^7,312

Paclitaxel Abraxane	X				Protect intact vials from light.^6,7,313 Retain in the original package to protect from bright light.³¹⁴

Palifermin Kepivance	X	X			Protect from light and keep vials in carton until time of use.^7,315 Stability of reconstituted solutions is affected by light exposure; refer to prescribing information for details regarding storage after reconstitution.³¹⁵

Palonosetron Aloxi	X				Protect from light.^6,7,316

Panitumumab Vectibix	X				Protect from direct sunlight and store vials in original carton until time of use.^7,317

Pantoprazole Sodium Protonix I.V.	X				Protect from light.^6,7,318

Papaverine	X				Protect from light and retain in carton until time of use.^6,319

Pasireotide Signifor	X				Protect from light and store in original carton.^5,320

Pegfilgrastim Neulasta	X				Store in the carton to protect from light.^5,321

Peginesatide Omontys	X				Protect from light and store in carton until time of use.³²²

Peginterferon Alfa-2a Pegasys	X				Protect from light.^5,323

Pegloticase Krystexxa	X		X		Protect from light and store in the carton.^5,7,324 Stability of diluted solutions is affected by light exposure; refer to prescribing information for details regarding storage after dilution.³²⁴

Pentamidine Pentam 300	X	X			Protect dry product and reconstituted solution from light.^6,7,325 Stability of reconstituted solutions is affected by light exposure; refer to prescribing information for details regarding storage after reconstitution.³²⁵

Pertuzumab Perjeta	X				Keep vial in the outer carton in order to protect from light.^5,326

Phenylephrine	X				Protect from light and keep covered in carton until time of use.^6,7,327

Phytonadione Vitamin K1	X		X	X	Protect from light at all times.^6,328 One source states to protect from light before use and during all dilutions.⁷ Keep ampuls in tray until time of use.³²⁸ Refer to tertiary source for details regarding photostability.⁶

Poliovirus Vaccine (Inactivated) IPOL	X				Protect from light.³²⁹

Polymyxin B	X				Protect from light and retain in carton until time of use.^6,330

Porfimer Photofrin	X	X			Store unopened vials in carton to protect from light.⁷ The reconstituted product should be protected from bright light and used immediately.³³¹

Pralatrexate Folotyn	X				Store in original carton to protect from light.^7,332

Pramlintide Symlin	X				Protect unopened vials and pen-injectors from light.^5,333

Prilocaine and Epinephrine Citanest Forte	X				Solutions containing epinephrine should be protected from light.³³⁴

Procaine Novocain	X				Protect solutions from light.³³⁵

Prochlorperazine	X				Protect from light and store in the box until ready to use.^7,336 Solutions should be protected from light.^6,336 Refer to tertiary source for details regarding light and stability.⁶

Promethazine Phenergan	X				Protect from light and keep covered in carton until time of use.^6,7,337

Propranolol	X				Protect from light and retain in carton until time of use.^5,6,338

Protein C Concentrate (Human) Ceprotin	X				Store the vial in the original carton to protect it from light.^7,339

Pyridostigmine Regonol	X				Protect from light.³⁴⁰

Pyridoxine	X				Protect from light.^6,7,341

Rabies Vaccine RabAvert	X				Lyophilized powder should be protected from light.³⁴² The manufacturer of Imovax Rabies provides no recommendation regarding light protection.³⁴³

Ranibizumab Intravitreal Lucentis	X				Protect vial from direct sunlight and store in the original carton until time of use.³⁴⁴

Ranitidine Zantac	X				Protect from light and store vial in carton until time of use.^6,7,345

Rasburicase Elitek	X				Protect from light.^7,346

Raxibacumab	X				Keep vials in their cartons to protect from light prior to use.³⁴⁷

Reteplase Retavase	X				The box should remain sealed until use to protect from exposure to light.^6,7,348

Rho(D) Immune Globulin Intravenous Rhophylac	X				Keep in the original carton to protect from light.^7,349

Rifampin Rifadin	X				Protect from light.^6,7,350

Rilonacept Arcalyst	X	X			Store inside the original carton to protect from light.^5,351 Stability of reconstituted solutions is affected by light exposure; refer to prescribing information for details regarding storage after reconstitution.³⁵¹

Rimabotulinumtoxin B Myobloc	X				Protect from light.³⁵²

Risperidone Risperdal Consta	X				The entire dose pack should be protected from light.^5,353

Rituximab Rituxan	X				Vials should be protected from direct sunlight.³⁵⁴ Protect from light.⁷

Romiplostim Nplate	X	X			Store vials in their carton to protect from light until time of use.^5,355 Protect the reconstituted product from light.

Scopolamine	X				Protect from light.^6,356 Opaque covering needed until contents used.³⁵⁶

Secretin Human ChiRhoStim	X				Protect from light.^5,357

Sodium Nitrite	X				Protect from direct light.³⁵⁸

Somatropin Genotropin Norditropin Nutropin AQ Omnitrope Tev-Tropin	X				Genotropin, Tev-Tropin: Protect from light.^359,360 Norditropin: Avoid direct light.³⁶¹ Nutropin AQ: Store refrigerated in a dark place when not in use.³⁶² Omnitrope: The product is light sensitive and should be stored in the carton.³⁶³ The manufacturers of other products provide no recommendations regarding light protection.^364–368

Streptomycin	X	X			Protect from light.^6,369 Sterile reconstituted solutions should be protected from light.³⁶⁹

Streptozocin Zanosar	X				Unopened vials should be protected from light and preferably stored in carton.^6,7,370

Sufentanil Sufenta	X				Protect from light.^6,371

Sumatriptan Imitrex Alsuma	X				Protect from light.^6,372,373

Taliglucerase Alfa Elelyso	X	X	X		Protect from light.^5,374 Stability of reconstituted and diluted solutions is affected by light exposure; refer to prescribing information for details regarding storage after reconstitution and dilution.³⁷⁴

Temsirolimus Torisel	X	X	X		Protect from light.^7,375 Protect from excessive room light and sunlight during handling and preparation.

Teniposide Vumon	X				Retain in original package to protect from light.^6,376

Terbutaline	X				Protect from light.^6,377 Refer to tertiary source for details regarding storage and light after the solution is drawn into syringe.⁶

Teriparatide Forteo	X				Recap the delivery device when not in use to protect the cartridge from physical damage and light.^5,378

Tesamorelin Egrifta	X				Vials should be protected from light and be kept in the original box until time of use.³⁷⁹

Testosterone Depo-Testosterone	X				Protect from light.³⁸⁰

Tetracaine	X				Protect ampules and vials from light.^6,381

Thiamine	X				Protect from light.^6,7,382 Refer to tertiary source for details regarding storage and light after the solution is drawn into syringe.

Thiotepa	X	X	X	X	Protect from light at all times.^7,383 Reconstituted solutions should be protected from light until used.⁶

Thyrotropin Alfa Thyrogen	X				Protect from light.^5,384

Tirofiban Aggrastat	X				Protect from light during storage.^6,7,385

Tocilizumab Actemra	X		X		Protect the vials from light by storage in the original package until time of use.^7,386 Stability of diluted solutions is affected by light exposure; refer to prescribing information for details regarding storage after dilution.³⁸⁶

Topotecan Hycamtin	X	X			Store the vials protected from light in the original package.^6,7,387 Stability of reconstituted solutions is affected by light exposure; refer to tertiary source for details regarding storage after reconstitution.⁶

Tositumomab Bexxar	X				Protect from strong light.^7,388 Instructions for I-131 tositumomab do not specify to protect from light.³⁸⁸

Triamcinolone Acetonide Kenalog-10	X				Protect from light.³⁸⁹

Triamcinolone Acetonide Intravitreal Triesence	X				Protect from light by storing in carton.^5,390

Triamcinolone Hexacetonide Intra-Articular/Intralesional Aristospan	X				Protect from light.³⁹¹

Tuberculin Skin Test Aplisol	X				Protect from light.^5,392

Urofollitropin Bravelle	X				Protect from light.^5,393

Ustekinumab Stelara	X				Keep the product in the original carton to protect from light until the time of use.^5,394

Varicella Virus Vaccine Live Varivax	X				Protect from light before reconstitution.^5,395

Vecuronium	X				Protect from light and retain in carton until time of use.^6,396

Velaglucerase Alfa Vpriv	X				Protect vial from light.^5,397

Verapamil	X		X		Protect from light by retaining in package until ready to use.^6,7,398 Stability of diluted solutions is affected by light exposure; refer to prescribing information for details regarding storage after dilution.³⁹⁸

Verteporfin Visudyne		X	X		Reconstituted product must be protected from light and used within 4 hours.^5,7,399 After dilution, protect from light and use within a maximum of 4 hours.³⁹⁹

Vinblastine	X	X			Protect from light and retain vial in carton until time of use.⁴⁰⁰ Although protection from light is not recommended by the manufacturer of the powder form, one tertiary source and another manufacturer’s prescribing information states that both powder and solution forms should be protected.^6,401

Vincristine Vincasar PFS	X				Protect from light and retain in carton until time of use.^6,402 The manufacturer of Marqibo provides no recommendation regarding light protection.⁴⁰³

Vinorelbine Navelbine	X				Protect from light by storing in the carton.^6,7,404

Vitamin A Aquasol A	X		X		Protect from light.^6,405 Stability of vitamin A in parenteral nutrition solutions is affected by light exposure; refer to tertiary source for details regarding storage after dilution in parenteral nutrition solutions.

Von Willebrand Factor/ Coagulation Factor VIII Complex Wilate	X				Store in the original container to protect from light.^7,406

Warfarin Coumadin	X				Protect from light and keep vial in box until used.^6,7,407

Ziconotide Prialt	X				Protect from light.^6,408

Zidovudine Retrovir	X				Protect from light.^6,7,409

Ziprasidone Geodon	X	X			Protect from light.^5,410 Stability of reconstituted solutions is affected by light exposure; refer to prescribing information for details regarding storage after reconstitution.⁴¹⁰

ZIV-Aflibercept Zaltrap	X				Keep the vials in the original outer carton to protect from light.^5,411

Zoster Vaccine, Live, Attenuated Zostavax	X				Protect from light prior to reconstitution.^5,412

Open in a new tab

References

1.King AR. Light-sensitive oral prescription drugs. Hosp Pharm. 2009;44(12):1112–1114 [Google Scholar]
2.Sánchez-Quiles I, Nájera-Pérez MD, Espuny-Miró A, Titos-Arcos JC. Review of the stability of photosensitive medications. Farm Hosp. 2011;35(4):204–215 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
3.Wickersham RM, ed. Drug Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis, MO: Wolters Kluwer Health; 2013. http://online.factsandcomparisons.com Accessed December2012. through April 2013 [Google Scholar]
4.Clinical Pharmacology [database online] Tampa, FL: Elsevier/Gold Standard Inc; 2013. http://clinicalpharmacology-ip.com Accessed December2012. through April 2013 [Google Scholar]
5.Micromedex Healthcare Series [database online] Greenwood Village, CO: Truven Health Analytics; 2013. http://www.thomsonhc.com/micromedex2/librarian Accessed December 2012 through April 2013.
6.Trissel LA. Handbook on Injectable Drugs. 17th ed. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists; 2013 [Google Scholar]
7.Gahart BL, Nazareno AR. Intravenous Medications: A Handbook for Nurses and Health Professionals. 29th ed. St. Louis, MO: Mosby Elsevier; 2013 [Google Scholar]
8.Orencia [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Bristol-Myers Squibb; 2011 [Google Scholar]
9.Dysport [package insert]. Basking Ridge, NJ: Ipsen Biopharmaceuticals, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
10.Humira [package insert]. North Chicago, IL: Abbott Laboratories; 2012 [Google Scholar]
11.Eylea [package insert]. Tarrytown, NY: Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc; 2013 [Google Scholar]
12.Proleukin [package insert]. San Diego, CA: Prometheus Laboratories, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
13.Campath [package insert]. Cambridge, MA: Genzyme Corporation; 2009 [Google Scholar]
14.Amevive [package insert]. Deerfield, IL: Astellas Pharma; 2011 [Google Scholar]
15.Alfenta [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Akorn, Inc; 2008 [Google Scholar]
16.Lumizyme [package insert]. Cambridge, MA: Genzyme Corp; 2012 [Google Scholar]
17.Myozyme [package insert]. Cambridge, MA: Genzyme Corp; 2012 [Google Scholar]
18.Activase [package insert]. San Francisco, CA: Genentech; 2011 [Google Scholar]
19.Cathflo Activase [package insert]. San Francisco, CA: Genentech; 2010 [Google Scholar]
20.Aminophylline [package insert]. Shirley, NY: American Regent Laboratories, Inc; 1999 [Google Scholar]
21.Aminophylline dihydrate [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Hospira, Inc; 2009 [Google Scholar]
22.Nexterone [package insert]. Deerfield, IL: Baxter Healthcare Corporation; 2011 [Google Scholar]
23.Amphotericin B [package insert]. Big Flats, NY: X-gen Pharmaceuticals, Inc; 2009 [Google Scholar]
24.Abelcet [package insert]. Indianapolis, IN: Sigma-Tau PharmaSource, Inc; 2010 [Google Scholar]
25.Kineret [package insert]. Stockholm, Sweden: Swedish Orphan Biovitrum AB; 2012 [Google Scholar]
26.Advate [package insert]. Westlake Village, CA: Bayer Healthcare; 2012 [Google Scholar]
27.Helixate FS [package insert]. Kankakee, IL: CSL Behring LLC; 2013 [Google Scholar]
28.Kogenate FS [package insert]. Tarrytown, NY: Bayer Healthcare LLC; 2013 [Google Scholar]
29.Recombinate [package insert]. Westlake Village, CA: Bayer Healthcare; 2010 [Google Scholar]
30.Xyntha [package insert]. Philadelphia, PA: Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
31.Feiba NF [package insert]. Westlake Village, CA: Baxter Healthcare Corporation; 2011 [Google Scholar]
32.Thymoglobulin [package insert]. Cambridge, MA: Genzyme Corp; 2008 [Google Scholar]
33.Argatroban [package insert]. Research Triangle Park, NC: GlaxoSmithKline; 2012 [Google Scholar]
34.Abilify [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Bristol-Myers Squibb Company/Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
35.Septocaine [package insert]. Louisville, CO: Septodont; 2011 [Google Scholar]
36.Ascorbic acid [package insert]. Forest Park, IL: Bioniche Pharma USA LLC; 2009 [Google Scholar]
37.Atropen [package insert]. Columbia, MD: Meridian Medical Technologies; 2005 [Google Scholar]
38.DuoDote [package insert]. Columbia, MD: Meridian Medical Technologies; 2009 [Google Scholar]
39.Azathioprine [package insert]. Bedford, OH: Bedford Laboratories; 2011 [Google Scholar]
40.TICE BCG [package insert]. Durham, NC: Organon Teknika; 2009 [Google Scholar]
41.BCG vaccine [package insert]. Durham, NC: Organon Teknika; 2012 [Google Scholar]
42.Nulojix [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Bristol-Myers Squibb Company; 2011 [Google Scholar]
43.Treanda [package insert]. Frazer, PA: Cephalon; 2012 [Google Scholar]
44.Celestone Soluspan [package insert]. Whitehouse Station NJ: Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp; 2012 [Google Scholar]
45.Avastin [package insert]. South San Francisco, CA: Genentech, Inc; 2013 [Google Scholar]
46.Neurolite [package insert]. N. Billerica, MA; Lantheus Medical Imaging, Inc; 2008 [Google Scholar]
47.Velcade [package insert]. Cambridge, MA: Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
48.Adcetris [package insert]. Bothell, WA: Seattle Genetics; 2012 [Google Scholar]
49.Bumetanide [package insert]. Eatontown, NJ: West-ward Pharmaceuticals; 2011 [Google Scholar]
50.Bupivacaine and epinephrine [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Hospira, Inc; 2010 [Google Scholar]
51.Marcaine [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Hospira, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]
52.Vivacaine [package insert]. Louisville, CO: Septodont; 2009 [Google Scholar]
53.Sensorcaine and Sensorcaine-MPF [package insert]. Schaumburg, IL: APP Pharmaceuticals LLC; 2010 [Google Scholar]
54.Buprenex [package insert]. Richmond, VA: Reckitt Benckiser; 2005 [Google Scholar]
55.Butorphanol [package insert]. Bedford, OH: Bedford Laboratories; 2007 [Google Scholar]
56.Berinert [package insert]. Kankakee, IL: CSL Behring LLC; 2012 [Google Scholar]
57.Cinryze [package insert]. Exton, PA: ViroPharma Biologics; 2012 [Google Scholar]
58.Calcijex [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Hospira, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
59.Ilaris [package insert]. East Hanover, NJ: Novartis; 2012 [Google Scholar]
60.Carboplatin [package insert]. Schaumburg, IL: APP Pharmaceuticals; 2010 [Google Scholar]
61.Kyprolis [package insert]. San Francisco, CA: Onyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
62.BiCNU [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Bristol-Myers Squibb; 2011 [Google Scholar]
63.Cefazolin [package insert]. Schaumburg, IL: APP Pharmaceuticals; 2010 [Google Scholar]
64.Maxipime [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Hospira, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
65.Claforan [package insert]. Deerfield, IL: Baxter Healthcare Corp; 2009 [Google Scholar]
66.Cefotetan disodium [package insert]. Schaumburg, IL: APP Pharmaceuticals; 2011 [Google Scholar]
67.Fortaz [package insert]. Research Triangle Park, NC: GlaxoSmithKline; 2010 [Google Scholar]
68.Tazicef [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Hospira; 2007 [Google Scholar]
69.Rocephin [package insert]. South San Francisco, CA: Genentech USA, Inc; 2010 [Google Scholar]
70.Zinacef [package insert]. Research Triangle Park, NC: GlaxoSmithKline; 2010 [Google Scholar]
71.Cefazolin and dextrose [package insert]. Irvine, CA: B. Braun Medical, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
72.Cefepime and dextrose [package insert]. Irvine, CA: B. Braun Medical, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
73.Cefotetan and dextrose [package insert]. Irvine, CA: B. Braun Medical, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
74.Cefoxitin and dextrose [package insert]. Irvine, CA: B. Braun Medical, Inc; 2010 [Google Scholar]
75.Ceftazidime and dextrose [package insert]. Irvine, CA: B. Braun Medical, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
76.Ceftriaxone and dextrose [package insert]. Irvine, CA: B. Braun Medical, Inc; 2010 [Google Scholar]
77.Cefuroxime and dextrose [package insert]. Irvine, CA: B. Braun Medical, Inc; 2010 [Google Scholar]
78.Cimzia [package insert]. Smyrna, GA: UCB, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
79.Cetrotide [package insert]. Rockland, MA: EMD Serono, Inc; 2008 [Google Scholar]
80.Nesacaine and Nesacaine-MPF [package insert]. Schaumburg, IL: APP Pharmaceuticals; 2010 [Google Scholar]
81.Chlorpromazine [package insert]. Eatontown, NJ: West-Ward Pharmaceuticals; 2012 [Google Scholar]
82.Ovidrel [package insert]. Rockland, MA: EMD Serono, Inc; 2010 [Google Scholar]
83.Ciprofloxacin injection [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Hospira, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]
84.Nimbex [package insert]. North Chicago, IL: Abbvie, Inc; 2013 [Google Scholar]
85.Cisplatin injection [package insert]. New York, NY: Pfizer Injectables; 2012 [Google Scholar]
86.Leustatin [package insert]. Raritan, NJ: Centocor Ortho Biotech Products; 2012 [Google Scholar]
87.Cleviprex [package insert]. Parsippany, NJ: The Medicines Company; 2012 [Google Scholar]
88.Vaprisol [package insert]. Deerfield, IL: Astellas Pharma; 2012 [Google Scholar]
89.Acthrel [package insert]. Parsippany, NJ: Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Inc; 2007 [Google Scholar]
90.Cosyntropin [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Sandoz; 2009 [Google Scholar]
91.Cortrosyn [package insert]. Rancho Cucamonga, CA: Amphastar Pharmaceuticals, Inc; 2010 [Google Scholar]
92.Cosyntropin [package insert]. Rockford, IL: Mylan Institutional LLC; 2013 [Google Scholar]
93.Cosyntropin [package insert]. Liberty Corner, NJ: GeneraMedix; 2008 [Google Scholar]
94.Cosyntropin [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Sandoz; 2012 [Google Scholar]
95.Cyanocobalamin [package insert]. Schaumburg, IL: APP Pharmaceuticals LLC; 2008 [Google Scholar]
96.SandIMMUNE [package insert]. East Hanover, NJ: Novartis; 2012 [Google Scholar]
97.Cytarabine [package insert]. Schaumburg, IL: APP Pharmaceuticals LLC; 2008 [Google Scholar]
98.Cytarabine [package insert]. New York, NY: Pfizer Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]
99.Cytarabine [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Hospira, Inc; 2007 [Google Scholar]
100.Cytarabine [package insert]. Bedford, OH: Bedford Laboratories; 2008 [Google Scholar]
101.Dacarbazine [package insert]. Schaumburg, IL: APP Pharmaceuticals LLC; 2008 [Google Scholar]
102.Cosmegen [package insert]. Deerfield, IL: Lundbeck; 2012 [Google Scholar]
103.Dantrium [package insert]. Rochester, MI: JHP Pharmaceuticals LLC; 2008 [Google Scholar]
104.Revonto [package insert]. Louisville, KY: US WorldMeds LLC; 2011 [Google Scholar]
105.Aranesp [package insert]. Thousand Oaks, CA: Amgen, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
106.DaunoXome [package insert]. Souderton, PA: Galen US, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]
107.Cerubidine [package insert]. Bedford, OH: Bedford Laboratories; 2008 [Google Scholar]
108.Prolia [package insert]. Thousand Oaks, CA: Amgen; 2012 [Google Scholar]
109.Xgeva [package insert]. Thousand Oaks, CA: Amgen; 2013 [Google Scholar]
110.Iprivask [package insert]. Hunt Valley, MD: Canyon Pharmaceuticals; 2010 [Google Scholar]
111.Dexamethasone sodium phosphate injection [package insert]. Schaumburg, IL: APP Pharmaceuticals LLC; 2008 [Google Scholar]
112.Totect [package insert]. Rockaway, NJ: Topotarget USA, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
113.Zinecard [package insert]. New York, NY: Pharmacia and Upjohn Co; 2012 [Google Scholar]
114.Dexrazoxane [package insert]. Bedford, OH: Bedford Laboratories; 2005 [Google Scholar]
115.Dexrazoxane [package insert]. Rockford, IL: Mylan Institutional LLC; 2012 [Google Scholar]
116.Cystografin [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Bracco Diagnostics, Inc; 2006 [Google Scholar]
117.MD-76R [package insert]. St. Louis, MO: Mallinckrodt, Inc; 2006 [Google Scholar]
118.Sinografin [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Bracco Diagnostics Inc; 2006 [Google Scholar]
119.Diazepam [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Hospira, Inc; 2008 [Google Scholar]
120.Lanoxin [package insert]. Research Triangle Park, NC: GlaxoSmithKline; 2011 [Google Scholar]
121.D.H.E. 45 [package insert]. Costa Mesa, CA: Valeant Pharmaceuticals; 2002 [Google Scholar]
122.Dimenhydrinate [package insert]. Schaumburg, IL: APP Pharmaceuticals LLC; 2008 [Google Scholar]
123.Diphenhydramine [package insert]. Schaumburg, IL: APP Pharmaceuticals LLC; 2008 [Google Scholar]
124.Dipyridamole [package insert]. Eatontown, NJ: West-ward Pharmaceuticals; 2011 [Google Scholar]
125.Docefrez [package insert]. Detroit, MI: Caraco Pharmaceutical Laboratories, Ltd; 2012 [Google Scholar]
126.Taxotere [package insert]. Bridgewater, NJ: sanofi-aventis Pharmaceuticals; 2011 [Google Scholar]
127.Anzemet [package insert]. Bridgewater, NJ: sanofi-aventis Pharmaceuticals; 2011 [Google Scholar]
128.Dopamine [package insert]. Shirley, NY: American Regent; 2005 [Google Scholar]
129.Hectorol [package insert]. Cambridge, MA: Genzyme; 2010 [Google Scholar]
130.Adriamycin [package insert]. Bedford, OH: Bedford Laboratories; 2012 [Google Scholar]
131.Doxycycline [package insert]. New York, NY: Pfizer Injectables; 2011 [Google Scholar]
132.Droperidol [package insert]. Shirley, NY: American Regent; 2005 [Google Scholar]
133.Kalbitor [package insert]. Cambridge, MA: Dyax Corp; 2012 [Google Scholar]
134.Soliris [package insert]. Cheshire, CT: Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
135.Ephedrine [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Akorn, Inc; 2010 [Google Scholar]
136.Adrenalin [package insert]. Rochester, MI: JHP Pharmaceuticals LLC; 2011 [Google Scholar]
137.EpiPen and EpiPen Jr [package insert]. Napa, CA: Dey Pharma, LP; 2012 [Google Scholar]
138.Ellence [package insert]. New York, NY: Pfizer Injectables; 2012 [Google Scholar]
139.Epogen [package insert]. Thousand Oaks, CA: Amgen; 2012 [Google Scholar]
140.Procrit [package insert]. Horsham, PA: Janssen Products, LP; 2012 [Google Scholar]
141.Flolan [package insert]. Research Triangle Park, NC: GlaxoSmithKline; 2011 [Google Scholar]
142.Veletri [package insert]. South San Francisco, CA: Actelion Pharmaceuticals; 2011 [Google Scholar]
143.Integrilin [package insert].Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck & Co; 2011 [Google Scholar]
144.Nexium I.V. [package insert]. Wilmington, DE: Astra-Zeneca; 2012 [Google Scholar]
145.Enbrel [package insert]. Thousand Oaks, CA: Immunex Corp; 2012 [Google Scholar]
146.Ethamolin [package insert]. Kirkland, WA: QOL Medical LLC; 2006 [Google Scholar]
147.Etopophos [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co; 2011 [Google Scholar]
148.Bydureon [package insert]. San Diego, CA: Amylin Pharmaceuticals, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
149.Byetta [package insert] (pen user manual). San Diego, CA: Amylin Pharmaceuticals, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]
150.NovoSeven RT [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Novo N or disk; 2012 [Google Scholar]
151.Corifact [package insert]. Kankakee, IL: CSL Behring LLC; 2012 [Google Scholar]
152.Sublimaze [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Akorn; 2012 [Google Scholar]
153.RiaSTAP [package insert]. Kankakee, IL: CSL Behring LLC; 2011 [Google Scholar]
154.Adrucil [package insert]. Irvine, CA: Teva Parenteral Medicines, Inc; 2007 [Google Scholar]
155.Fluphenazine decanoate [package insert]. Schaumburg, IL: APP Pharmaceuticals LLC; 2010 [Google Scholar]
156.Fluphenazine hydrochloride injection [package insert]. Schaumburg, IL: APP Pharmaceuticals LLC; 2010 [Google Scholar]
157.Folic acid injection [package insert]. Schaumburg, IL: APP Pharmaceuticals LLC; 2010 [Google Scholar]
158.Gonal-f [package insert]. Rockland, MA: EMD Serono, Inc; 2009 [Google Scholar]
159.Gonal-F RFF [package insert]. Rockland, MA: EMD Serono, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]
160.Gonal-F RFF Pen [package insert]. Rockland, MA: EMD Serono, Inc; 2009 [Google Scholar]
161.Follistim [package insert]. West Orange, NJ: Organon, Inc; 2008 [Google Scholar]
162.Follistim AQ [package insert]. Roseland, NJ: Organon, Inc; 2010 [Google Scholar]
163.Faslodex [package insert]. Wilmington, DE: Astra Zeneca; 2012 [Google Scholar]
164.Furosemide injection [package insert]. Schaumburg, IL: APP Pharmaceuticals LLC; 2011 [Google Scholar]
165.Omniscan [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: GE Healthcare, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]
166.Ablavar [package insert]. North Billerica, MA: Lantheus Medical Imaging, Inc; 2010 [Google Scholar]
167.Vasovist [package insert]. Wayne, NJ: Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Inc; 2009 [Google Scholar]
168.Magnevist [package insert]. Wayne, NJ: Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
169.ProHance [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Bracco Diagnostics, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]
170.OptiMARK [package insert]. St. Louis, MO: Mallinckrodt, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]
171.Naglazyme [package insert]. Novato, CA: BioMarin Pharmaceutical, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
172.Ganirelix [package insert]. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp; 2012 [Google Scholar]
173.Copaxone [package insert]. North Wales, PA: Teva Pharmaceuticals; 2012 [Google Scholar]
174.GlucaGen Hypokit [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Novo Nordisk; 2012 [Google Scholar]
175.Myochrysine [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Akorn, Inc; 2008 [Google Scholar]
176.Simponi [package insert]. Horsham, PA: Janssen Biotech, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
177.Granisetron [package insert]. Schaumburg, IL: APP Pharmaceuticals LLC; 2012 [Google Scholar]
178.Hiberix [package insert]. Research Triangle Park, NC: GlaxoSmithKline; 2012 [Google Scholar]
179.PedvaxHIB [package insert]. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp; 2010 [Google Scholar]
180.ActHIB [package insert]. Swiftwater, PA: Sanofi Pasteur, Inc; 2009 [Google Scholar]
181.Haldol decanoate [package insert]. Titusville, NJ: Ortho-McNeil-Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]
182.Haloperidol lactate [package insert]. Schaumburg, IL: APP Pharmaceuticals LLC; 2011 [Google Scholar]
183.Gardasil [package insert]. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck & Co, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]
184.Cervarix [package insert]. Research Triangle Park, NC: GlaxoSmithKline; 2011 [Google Scholar]
185.Euflexxa [package insert]. Parsippany, NJ: Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]
186.Hyalgan [package insert]. Parsippany, NJ: Fidia Pharma USA, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]
187.Synvisc [package insert]. Ridgefield, NJ: Genzyme Corp; 2010 [Google Scholar]
188.Synvisc-One [package insert]. Ridgefield, NJ: Genzyme Biosurgery; 2010 [Google Scholar]
189.Orthovisc [package insert]. Woburn, MA: Anika Therapeutics, Inc; 2005 [Google Scholar]
190.Supartz [package insert]. Durham, NC: Bioventus LLC; 2012 [Google Scholar]
191.Vitrase [package insert]. Irvine, CA: ISTA Pharmaceutical, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
192.Solu-CORTEF [package insert]. New York, NY: Pfizer Injectables; 2012 [Google Scholar]
193.Dilaudid and Dilaudid-HP [package insert]. Stamford, CT: Purdue Pharma LP; 2011 [Google Scholar]
194.Hydroxocobalamin [package insert]. Corona, CA: Watson Pharm, Inc; 2010 [Google Scholar]
195.Makena [package insert]. St. Louis, MO: Ther-Rx Corporation; 2013 [Google Scholar]
196.Hydroxyzine [package insert]. Shirley, NY: American Regent, Inc; 2009 [Google Scholar]
197.NeoProfen [package insert]. Deerfield, IL: Lundbeck, Inc; 2010 [Google Scholar]
198.Idamycin PFS [package insert]. New York, NY: Pfizer; 2006 [Google Scholar]
199.Elaprase [package insert]. Cambridge, MA: Shire Human Genetic Therapies, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]
200.Flebogamma DIF [package insert]. Los Angeles, CA: Grifols Biologicals, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]
201.Gammagard liquid [package insert]. Westlake Village, CA: Baxter International, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]
202.Gammaplex [package insert]. Raleigh, NC: BPL, Inc; 2013 [Google Scholar]
203.Hizentra [package insert]. Kankakee, IL: CSL Behring AG; 2012 [Google Scholar]
204.Privigen [package insert]. Kankakee, IL: CSL Behring AG; 2013 [Google Scholar]
205.Carimune NF [package insert]. Kankakee, IL: CSL Behring LLC; 2012 [Google Scholar]
206.Gamastan S/D [package insert]. Research Triangle Park, NC: Grifols Therapeutics, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
207.Gammagard S/D [package insert]. Westlake Village, CA: Baxter Healthcare Corporation; 2012 [Google Scholar]
208.Gamunex-C [package insert]. Research Triangle Park, NC: Grifols Therapeutics, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
209.Octagam [package insert]. Hoboken, NJ: Octapharma USA, Inc; 2009 [Google Scholar]
210.Indigo Carmine [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Akorn, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
211.Indocin [package insert]. Deerfield, IL: Lundbeck, Inc; 2010 [Google Scholar]
212.Afluria [package insert]. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck & Co, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
213.Fluarix [package insert]. Research Triangle Park, NJ: GlaxoSmithKline; 2012 [Google Scholar]
214.Flublok [package insert]. Meridian, CT: Protein Sciences Corp; 2013 [Google Scholar]
215.Flucelvax [package insert]. Cambridge, MA: Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
216.FluLaval [package insert]. Research Triangle Park, NJ: GlaxoSmithKline; 2012 [Google Scholar]
217.Fluvirin [package insert]. Cambridge, MA: Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
218.Novolog [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Novo Nordisk, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
219.Novolog 70/30 [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Novo Nordisk, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
220.Levemir [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Novo Nordisk, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
221.Apidra and Apidra Solostar [package insert]. Bridgewater, NJ: sanofi-aventis U.S. LLC; 2012 [Google Scholar]
222.Lantus [package insert]. Bridgewater, NJ: sanofi-aventis U.S. LLC; 2010 [Google Scholar]
223.Humalog [package insert]. Indianapolis, IN: Lilly USA LLC; 2013 [Google Scholar]
224.Humalog Mix 50/50 [package insert]. Indianapolis, IN: Lilly USA LLC; 2009 [Google Scholar]
225.Humalog Mix 75/25 [package insert]. Indianapolis, IN: Lilly USA LLC; 2013 [Google Scholar]
226.Novolin N [patient package insert]. Plainsboro, NJ: Novo Nordisk, Inc; 2013 [Google Scholar]
227.Humulin N [patient package insert]. Indianapolis, IN: Lilly USA LLC; 2013 [Google Scholar]
228.Novolin R [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Novo Nordisk, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
229.Humulin R [package insert]. Indianapolis, IN: Lilly USA LLC; 2011 [Google Scholar]
230.Avonex [package insert]. Cambridge, MA: Biogen, Inc; 2006 [Google Scholar]
231.Rebif [package insert]. New York, NY: Pfizer, Inc; 2013 [Google Scholar]
232.Cholografin Meglummine [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Bracco Diagnostics, Inc; 2006 [Google Scholar]
233.Visipaque [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: GE Healthcare, Inc; 2008 [Google Scholar]
234.Omnipaque [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: GE Healthcare, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
235.Isovue [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Bracco Diagnostics, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
236.Isovue-M [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Bracco Diagnostics, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
237.Ultravist [package insert]. Wayne, NJ: Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals, Inc; 2009 [Google Scholar]
238.Conray [package insert]. St. Louis, MO: Mallinckrodt, Inc; 2003 [Google Scholar]
239.Optiray [package insert]. Hazelwood, MO: Mallinckrodt, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]
240.Hexabrix [package insert]. St. Louis, MO: Mallinckrodt, Inc; 2005 [Google Scholar]
241.Yervoy [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Bristol-Myers Squibb Company; 2012 [Google Scholar]
242.Camptosar [package insert]. New York, NY: Pfizer, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
243.Isoniazid [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Sandoz, Inc; 2009 [Google Scholar]
244.Isuprel [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Hospira, Inc; 2004 [Google Scholar]
245.Ixempra [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Bristol-Myers Squibb Company; 2011 [Google Scholar]
246.Ixiaro [package insert]. Cambridge, MA: Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
247.Ketalar [package insert]. Rochester, MI: JHP Pharmaceuticals LLC; 2012 [Google Scholar]
248.Ketorolac tromethamine [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Hospira, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
249.Labetalol [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Hospira, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]
250.Somatuline Depot [package insert]. Basking Ridge, NJ: Ipsen Biopharmaceuticals, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
251.Aldurazyme [package insert]. Novato, CA: BioMarin Pharmaceutical, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]
252.Leucovorin [package insert]. Bedford, OH: Bedford Laboratories; 2008 [Google Scholar]
253.Leuprolide [package insert]. Sellersville, PA: Teva Pharmaceuticals USA; 2011 [Google Scholar]
254.Levocarnitine [package insert]. Sellersville, PA: Teva Pharmaceuticals USA; 2011 [Google Scholar]
255.Levocarnitine [package insert]. Shirley, NY: American Regent, Inc; 2009 [Google Scholar]
256.Levocarnitine [package insert]. Bedford, OH: Bedford Laboratories; 2008 [Google Scholar]
257.Carnitor [package insert]. Gaithersburg, MD: Sigma-Tau Pharmaceuticals, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
258.Levaquin [package insert]. Titusville, NJ: Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
259.Fusilev [package insert]. Irvine, CA: Spectrum Pharmaceuticals, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]
260.Levothyroxine [package insert]. Schaumburg, IL: APP Pharmaceuticals LLC; 2011 [Google Scholar]
261.Xylocaine MPF [package insert]. Schaumburg, IL: APP Pharmaceuticals LLC; 2011 [Google Scholar]
262.Victoza [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Novo Nordisk, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
263.Zyvox [package insert]. New York, NY: Pfizer, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
264.Ativan [package insert]. Eatontown, NJ: West-Ward Pharmaceuticals; 2011 [Google Scholar]
265.M-M-R II [package insert]. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck & Co, Inc; 2010 [Google Scholar]
266.ProQuad [package insert]. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck & Co, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]
267.Increlex [package insert]. Basking Ridge, NJ: Ipsen Biopharmaceutical, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
268.Mustargen [package insert]. Deerfield, IL: Lundbeck; 2012 [Google Scholar]
269.Alkeran [package insert]. Rockville, MD: ApoPharma USA, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]
270.Menveo [package insert]. Cambridge, MA: Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]
271.Menactra [package insert]. Swiftwater, PA: Sanofi Pasteur, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]
272.Repronex [package insert]. Parsippany, NJ: Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
273.Scandonest Plain and Scandonest L [package insert]. Louisville, CO: Septodont; 2009 [Google Scholar]
274.Methadone [package insert]. Rockford, IL: Mylan Institutional LLC; 2013 [Google Scholar]
275.Methotrexate [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Hospira, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]
276.Methergine [package insert]. East Hanover, NJ: Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation; 2012 [Google Scholar]
277.Relistor [package insert]. Raleigh, NC: Salix Pharmaceuticals; 2011 [Google Scholar]
278.A-Methapred [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Hospira, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]
279.Reglan [package insert]. Deerfield, IL: Baxter Healthcare Corporation; 2010 [Google Scholar]
280.Lopressor [package insert]. East Hanover, NJ: Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation; 2013 [Google Scholar]
281.Flagyl [package insert]. Deerfield, IL: Baxter Healthcare Corporation; 2011 [Google Scholar]
282.Mycamine [package insert]. Northbrook, IL: Astellas Pharma US, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
283.Kynamro [package insert]. Cambridge, MA: Genzyme Corporation; 2013 [Google Scholar]
284.Mitomycin [package insert]. Bedford, OH: Bedford Laboratories; 2000 [Google Scholar]
285.Astramorph PF [package insert]. Wilmington, DE: AstraZeneca LP; 2005 [Google Scholar]
286.Duramorph [package insert]. Eatontown, NJ: West-Ward Pharmaceuticals; 2011 [Google Scholar]
287.Nalbuphine [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Hospira, Inc; 2007 [Google Scholar]
288.Naloxone [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Hospira, Inc; 2007 [Google Scholar]
289.Tysabri [package insert]. South San Francisco, CA: Elan Pharmaceuticals, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
290.Neostigmine [package insert]. Eatontown, NJ: West-Ward Pharmaceuticals; 2012 [Google Scholar]
291.Natrecor [package insert]. Titusville, NJ: Scios, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
292.Cardene I.V. [package insert]. Bedminster, NJ: EKR Therapeutics, Inc; 2010 [Google Scholar]
293.Nitroglycerin injection solution concentrate [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Hospira, Inc; 2004 [Google Scholar]
294.Nitroglycerin [package insert]. Shirley, NY: American Regent, Inc; 2005 [Google Scholar]
295.Nitroglycerin in dextrose [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Hospira, Inc; 2005 [Google Scholar]
296.Nitropress [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Hospira, Inc; 2007 [Google Scholar]
297.Levophed [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Hospira, Inc; 2007 [Google Scholar]
298.Jetrea [package insert]. Iselin, NJ: ThromboGenics, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
299.Sandostatin [package insert]. East Hanover, NJ: Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation; 2012 [Google Scholar]
300.Arzerra [package insert]. Research Triangle Park, NC: GlaxoSmithKline; 2011 [Google Scholar]
301.Zyprexa [package insert]. Indianapolis, IN: Lilly USA LLC; 2011 [Google Scholar]
302.Xolair [package insert]. South San Francisco, CA: Genentech, Inc; 2010 [Google Scholar]
303.Synribo [package insert]. North Wales, PA: Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
304.Zofran [package insert]. Research Triangle Park, NC: GlaxoSmithKline; 2012 [Google Scholar]
305.Neumega [package insert]. Philadelphia, PA: Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]
306.Orphenadrine [package insert]. Bedford, OH: Bedford Laboratories; 2008 [Google Scholar]
307.Orphenadrine [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Akorn, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
308.Orphenadrine [package insert]. Corona, CA: Watson Pharm, Inc; 2010 [Google Scholar]
309.Orphenadrine [package insert]. Schaumburg, IL: Sagent Pharmaceuticals, Inc; 2009 [Google Scholar]
310.Norflex [package insert]. Shirley, NY: Graceway Pharmaceuticals, LLC; 2010 [Google Scholar]
311.Eloxatin [package insert]. Bridgewater, NJ: sanofi-aventis U.S. LLC; 2012 [Google Scholar]
312.Opana [package insert]. Malvern, PA: Endo Pharmaceuticals, Inc; 2013 [Google Scholar]
313.Paclitaxel [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Hospira, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
314.Abraxane [package insert]. Summit, NJ: Celgene Corporation; 2012 [Google Scholar]
315.Kepivance [package insert]. Thousand Oaks, CA: Amgen, Inc; 2008 [Google Scholar]
316.Aloxi [package insert]. Woodcliff Lake, NJ: Eisai, Inc; 2008 [Google Scholar]
317.Vectibix [package insert]. Thousand Oaks, CA: Amgen, Inc; 2013 [Google Scholar]
318.Protonix I.V. [package insert]. Philadelphia, PA: Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
319.Papaverine [package insert]. Shirley, NY: American Regent, Inc; 2009 [Google Scholar]
320.Signifor [package insert]. East Hanover, NJ: Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation; 2012 [Google Scholar]
321.Neulasta [package insert]. Thousand Oaks, CA: Amgen, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]
322.Omontys [package insert]. Palo Alto, CA: Affymax, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
323.Pegasys [package insert]. South San Francisco, CA: Genentech USA, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]
324.Krystexxa [package insert]. Bridgewater, NJ: Savient Pharmaceuticals, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
325.Pentam 300 [package insert]. Schaumburg, IL: APP Pharmaceuticals LLC; 2008 [Google Scholar]
326.Perjeta [package insert]. South San Francisco, CA: Genentech, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
327.Phenylephrine [package insert]. Deerfield, IL: Baxter Healthcare Corporation; 2005 [Google Scholar]
328.Vitamin K1 [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Hospira, Inc; 2004 [Google Scholar]
329.IPOL [package insert]. Swiftwater, PA: Sanofi Pasteur, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
330.Polymyxin B [package insert]. Schaumburg, IL: APP Pharmaceuticals LLC; 2008 [Google Scholar]
331.Photofrin [package insert]. Bannockburn, IL: Pinnacle Biologics, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]
332.Folotyn [package insert]. Westminster, CO: Allos Therapeutics, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
333.Symlin [package insert]. San Diego, CA: Amylin Pharmaceuticals, Inc; 2008 [Google Scholar]
334.Citanest Forte [package insert]. York, PA: DENTSPLY Pharmaceutical; 2010 [Google Scholar]
335.Novocain [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Hospira, Inc; 2004 [Google Scholar]
336.Prochlorperazine [package insert]. Deerfield, IL: Baxter Healthcare Corporation; 2010 [Google Scholar]
337.Phenergan [package insert]. Deerfield, IL: Baxter Healthcare Corporation; 2009 [Google Scholar]
338.Propranolol [package insert]. Bedford, OH: Bedford Laboratories; 2008 [Google Scholar]
339.Ceprotin [package insert]. Westlake Village, CA: Baxter Healthcare Corporation; 2007 [Google Scholar]
340.Regonol [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Sandoz, Inc; 2009 [Google Scholar]
341.Pyridoxine [package insert]. Schaumburg, IL: APP Pharmaceuticals LLC; 2008 [Google Scholar]
342.RabAvert [package insert]. Cambridge, MA: Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
343.Imovax Rabies [package insert]. Swiftwater, PA: Sanofi Pasteur Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
344.Lucentis [package insert]. South San Francisco, CA: Genentech, Inc; 2013 [Google Scholar]
345.Zantac [package insert]. Research Triangle Park, NC: GlaxoSmithKline; 2009 [Google Scholar]
346.Elitek [package insert]. Bridgewater, NJ: sanofi-aventis U.S. LLC; 2010 [Google Scholar]
347.Raxibacumab [package insert]. Rockville, MD: Human Genome Sciences, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
348.Retavase [package insert]. Bedminster, NJ: EKR Therapeutics, Inc; 2009 [Google Scholar]
349.Rhophylac [package insert]. Kankakee, IL: CSL Behring LLC; 2012 [Google Scholar]
350.Rifadin [package insert]. New York, NY: Pfizer, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]
351.Arcalyst [package insert]. Tarrytown, NY: Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc; 2010 [Google Scholar]
352.Myobloc [package insert]. South San Francisco, CA: Solstice Neurosciences, Inc; 2010 [Google Scholar]
353.Risperdal Consta [package insert]. Titusville, NJ: Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
354.Rituxan [package insert]. South San Francisco, CA: Genentech, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
355.Nplate [package insert]. Thousand Oaks, CA: Amgen, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
356.Scopolamine [package insert]. Schaumburg, IL: APP Pharmaceuticals LLC; 2008 [Google Scholar]
357.ChiRhoStim [package insert]. Burtonsville, MD: ChiRhoClin, Inc; 2007 [Google Scholar]
358.Sodium nitrite [package insert]. Scottsdale, AZ: Hope Pharmaceuticals; 2012 [Google Scholar]
359.Genotropin [package insert]. New York, NY: Pfizer, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]
360.Tev-Tropin [package insert]. Horsham, PA: Teva Biologics and Specialty Products; 2012 [Google Scholar]
361.Norditropin [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: NovoNordisk, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]
362.Nutropin AQ [package insert]. South San Francisco, CA: Genentech, Inc; 2008 [Google Scholar]
363.Omnitrope [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Sandoz, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]
364.Humatrope [package insert]. Indianapolis, IN: Eli Lilly and Company; 2012 [Google Scholar]
365.Nutropin [package insert]. South San Francisco, CA: Genentech, Inc; 2006 [Google Scholar]
366.Saizen [package insert]. Rockland, MA: EMD Serono, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
367.Serostim [package insert]. Rockland, MA: EMD Serono, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
368.Zorbtive [package insert]. Rockland, MA: EMD Serono, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
369.Streptomycin [package insert]. Big Flats, NY: X-Gen Pharmaceuticals, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
370.Zanosar [package insert]. Irvine, CA: Teva Parenteral Medicines, Inc; 2007 [Google Scholar]
371.Sufenta [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Akorn, Inc; 2008 [Google Scholar]
372.Imitrex [package insert]. Research Triangle Park, NC: GlaxoSmithKline; 2012 [Google Scholar]
373.Alsuma [package insert]. New York, NY: Pfizer, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
374.Elelyso [package insert]. New York, NY: Pfizer, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
375.Torisel [package insert]. Philadelphia, PA: Pfizer, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
376.Vumon [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Bristol-Myers Squibb Company; 2011 [Google Scholar]
377.Terbutaline [package insert]. Schaumburg, IL: APP Pharmaceuticals LLC; 2011 [Google Scholar]
378.Forteo [package insert]. Indianapolis, IN: Lilly USA LLC; 2012 [Google Scholar]
379.Egrifta [package insert]. Rockland, MA: EMD Serono, Inc; 2010 [Google Scholar]
380.Depo-Testosterone [package insert]. New York, NY: Pfizer, Inc; 2006 [Google Scholar]
381.Tetracaine [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Akorn, Inc; 2008 [Google Scholar]
382.Thiamine [package insert]. Schaumburg, IL: APP Pharmaceuticals LLC; 2006 [Google Scholar]
383.Thiotepa [package insert]. Bedford, OH: Bedford Laboratories; 2001 [Google Scholar]
384.Thyrogen [package insert]. Cambridge, MA: Genzyme Corporation; 2012 [Google Scholar]
385.Aggrastat [package insert]. Somerset, NJ: Medicure Pharma, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
386.Actemra [package insert]. South San Francisco, CA: Genentech; 2012 [Google Scholar]
387.Hycamtin [package insert]. Research Triangle Park, NJ: GlaxoSmithKline; 2010 [Google Scholar]
388.Bexxar [package insert]. Research Triangle Park, NJ: GlaxoSmithKline; 2012 [Google Scholar]
389.Kenalog-10 [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Sandoz, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]
390.Triesence [package insert]. Fort Worth, TX: Alcon Laboratories, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]
391.Aristospan [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Sandoz, Inc; 2008 [Google Scholar]
392.Aplisol [package insert]. Rochester, MI: JHP Pharmaceuticals LLC; 2008 [Google Scholar]
393.Bravelle [package insert]. Parsippany, NJ: Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
394.Stelara [package insert]. Horsham, PA: Janssen Biotech, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
395.Varivax [package insert]. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck & Co, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
396.Vecuronium [package insert]. New York, NY: Pfizer, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]
397.Vpriv [package insert]. Lexington, MA: Shire Human Genetic Therapies, Inc; 2013 [Google Scholar]
398.Verapamil [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Hospira, Inc; 2010 [Google Scholar]
399.Visudyne [package insert]. Menlo Park, CA: QLT Ophthalmics, Inc; 2010 [Google Scholar]
400.Vinblastine [package insert]. Schaumburg, IL: APP Pharmaceuticals LLC; 2011 [Google Scholar]
401.Vinblastine [package insert]. Bedford, OH: Bedford Laboratories; 2010 [Google Scholar]
402.Vincasar PFS [package insert]. Sellersville, PA: Teva Pharmaceuticals USA; 2012 [Google Scholar]
403.Marqibo [package insert]. South San Francisco, CA: Talon Therapeutics, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
404.Navelbine [package insert]. New York, NY: Pfizer, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
405.Aquasol A [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Hospira, Inc; 2007 [Google Scholar]
406.Wilate [package insert]. Hoboken, NJ: Octapharma USA, Inc; 2010 [Google Scholar]
407.Coumadin [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Bristol-Myers Squibb Company; 2011 [Google Scholar]
408.Prialt [package insert]. South San Francisco, CA: Elan Pharmaceuticals, Inc; 2008 [Google Scholar]
409.Retrovir [package insert]. Research Triangle Park, NC: GlaxoSmithKline; 2009 [Google Scholar]
410.Geodon [package insert]. New York, NY: Pfizer, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]
411.Zaltrap [package insert]. Bridgewater, NJ: sanofi-aventis U.S. LLC; 2012 [Google Scholar]
412.Zostavax [package insert]. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck & Co, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r1] 1.King AR. Light-sensitive oral prescription drugs. Hosp Pharm. 2009;44(12):1112–1114 [Google Scholar]

[r2] 2.Sánchez-Quiles I, Nájera-Pérez MD, Espuny-Miró A, Titos-Arcos JC. Review of the stability of photosensitive medications. Farm Hosp. 2011;35(4):204–215 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[r3] 3.Wickersham RM, ed. Drug Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis, MO: Wolters Kluwer Health; 2013. http://online.factsandcomparisons.com Accessed December2012. through April 2013 [Google Scholar]

[r4] 4.Clinical Pharmacology [database online] Tampa, FL: Elsevier/Gold Standard Inc; 2013. http://clinicalpharmacology-ip.com Accessed December2012. through April 2013 [Google Scholar]

[r5] 5.Micromedex Healthcare Series [database online] Greenwood Village, CO: Truven Health Analytics; 2013. http://www.thomsonhc.com/micromedex2/librarian Accessed December 2012 through April 2013.

[r6] 6.Trissel LA. Handbook on Injectable Drugs. 17th ed. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists; 2013 [Google Scholar]

[r7] 7.Gahart BL, Nazareno AR. Intravenous Medications: A Handbook for Nurses and Health Professionals. 29th ed. St. Louis, MO: Mosby Elsevier; 2013 [Google Scholar]

[r8] 8.Orencia [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Bristol-Myers Squibb; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r9] 9.Dysport [package insert]. Basking Ridge, NJ: Ipsen Biopharmaceuticals, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r10] 10.Humira [package insert]. North Chicago, IL: Abbott Laboratories; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r11] 11.Eylea [package insert]. Tarrytown, NY: Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc; 2013 [Google Scholar]

[r12] 12.Proleukin [package insert]. San Diego, CA: Prometheus Laboratories, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r13] 13.Campath [package insert]. Cambridge, MA: Genzyme Corporation; 2009 [Google Scholar]

[r14] 14.Amevive [package insert]. Deerfield, IL: Astellas Pharma; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r15] 15.Alfenta [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Akorn, Inc; 2008 [Google Scholar]

[r16] 16.Lumizyme [package insert]. Cambridge, MA: Genzyme Corp; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r17] 17.Myozyme [package insert]. Cambridge, MA: Genzyme Corp; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r18] 18.Activase [package insert]. San Francisco, CA: Genentech; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r19] 19.Cathflo Activase [package insert]. San Francisco, CA: Genentech; 2010 [Google Scholar]

[r20] 20.Aminophylline [package insert]. Shirley, NY: American Regent Laboratories, Inc; 1999 [Google Scholar]

[r21] 21.Aminophylline dihydrate [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Hospira, Inc; 2009 [Google Scholar]

[r22] 22.Nexterone [package insert]. Deerfield, IL: Baxter Healthcare Corporation; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r23] 23.Amphotericin B [package insert]. Big Flats, NY: X-gen Pharmaceuticals, Inc; 2009 [Google Scholar]

[r24] 24.Abelcet [package insert]. Indianapolis, IN: Sigma-Tau PharmaSource, Inc; 2010 [Google Scholar]

[r25] 25.Kineret [package insert]. Stockholm, Sweden: Swedish Orphan Biovitrum AB; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r26] 26.Advate [package insert]. Westlake Village, CA: Bayer Healthcare; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r27] 27.Helixate FS [package insert]. Kankakee, IL: CSL Behring LLC; 2013 [Google Scholar]

[r28] 28.Kogenate FS [package insert]. Tarrytown, NY: Bayer Healthcare LLC; 2013 [Google Scholar]

[r29] 29.Recombinate [package insert]. Westlake Village, CA: Bayer Healthcare; 2010 [Google Scholar]

[r30] 30.Xyntha [package insert]. Philadelphia, PA: Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r31] 31.Feiba NF [package insert]. Westlake Village, CA: Baxter Healthcare Corporation; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r32] 32.Thymoglobulin [package insert]. Cambridge, MA: Genzyme Corp; 2008 [Google Scholar]

[r33] 33.Argatroban [package insert]. Research Triangle Park, NC: GlaxoSmithKline; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r34] 34.Abilify [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Bristol-Myers Squibb Company/Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r35] 35.Septocaine [package insert]. Louisville, CO: Septodont; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r36] 36.Ascorbic acid [package insert]. Forest Park, IL: Bioniche Pharma USA LLC; 2009 [Google Scholar]

[r37] 37.Atropen [package insert]. Columbia, MD: Meridian Medical Technologies; 2005 [Google Scholar]

[r38] 38.DuoDote [package insert]. Columbia, MD: Meridian Medical Technologies; 2009 [Google Scholar]

[r39] 39.Azathioprine [package insert]. Bedford, OH: Bedford Laboratories; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r40] 40.TICE BCG [package insert]. Durham, NC: Organon Teknika; 2009 [Google Scholar]

[r41] 41.BCG vaccine [package insert]. Durham, NC: Organon Teknika; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r42] 42.Nulojix [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Bristol-Myers Squibb Company; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r43] 43.Treanda [package insert]. Frazer, PA: Cephalon; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r44] 44.Celestone Soluspan [package insert]. Whitehouse Station NJ: Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r45] 45.Avastin [package insert]. South San Francisco, CA: Genentech, Inc; 2013 [Google Scholar]

[r46] 46.Neurolite [package insert]. N. Billerica, MA; Lantheus Medical Imaging, Inc; 2008 [Google Scholar]

[r47] 47.Velcade [package insert]. Cambridge, MA: Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r48] 48.Adcetris [package insert]. Bothell, WA: Seattle Genetics; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r49] 49.Bumetanide [package insert]. Eatontown, NJ: West-ward Pharmaceuticals; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r50] 50.Bupivacaine and epinephrine [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Hospira, Inc; 2010 [Google Scholar]

[r51] 51.Marcaine [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Hospira, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r52] 52.Vivacaine [package insert]. Louisville, CO: Septodont; 2009 [Google Scholar]

[r53] 53.Sensorcaine and Sensorcaine-MPF [package insert]. Schaumburg, IL: APP Pharmaceuticals LLC; 2010 [Google Scholar]

[r54] 54.Buprenex [package insert]. Richmond, VA: Reckitt Benckiser; 2005 [Google Scholar]

[r55] 55.Butorphanol [package insert]. Bedford, OH: Bedford Laboratories; 2007 [Google Scholar]

[r56] 56.Berinert [package insert]. Kankakee, IL: CSL Behring LLC; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r57] 57.Cinryze [package insert]. Exton, PA: ViroPharma Biologics; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r58] 58.Calcijex [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Hospira, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r59] 59.Ilaris [package insert]. East Hanover, NJ: Novartis; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r60] 60.Carboplatin [package insert]. Schaumburg, IL: APP Pharmaceuticals; 2010 [Google Scholar]

[r61] 61.Kyprolis [package insert]. San Francisco, CA: Onyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r62] 62.BiCNU [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Bristol-Myers Squibb; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r63] 63.Cefazolin [package insert]. Schaumburg, IL: APP Pharmaceuticals; 2010 [Google Scholar]

[r64] 64.Maxipime [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Hospira, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r65] 65.Claforan [package insert]. Deerfield, IL: Baxter Healthcare Corp; 2009 [Google Scholar]

[r66] 66.Cefotetan disodium [package insert]. Schaumburg, IL: APP Pharmaceuticals; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r67] 67.Fortaz [package insert]. Research Triangle Park, NC: GlaxoSmithKline; 2010 [Google Scholar]

[r68] 68.Tazicef [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Hospira; 2007 [Google Scholar]

[r69] 69.Rocephin [package insert]. South San Francisco, CA: Genentech USA, Inc; 2010 [Google Scholar]

[r70] 70.Zinacef [package insert]. Research Triangle Park, NC: GlaxoSmithKline; 2010 [Google Scholar]

[r71] 71.Cefazolin and dextrose [package insert]. Irvine, CA: B. Braun Medical, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r72] 72.Cefepime and dextrose [package insert]. Irvine, CA: B. Braun Medical, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r73] 73.Cefotetan and dextrose [package insert]. Irvine, CA: B. Braun Medical, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r74] 74.Cefoxitin and dextrose [package insert]. Irvine, CA: B. Braun Medical, Inc; 2010 [Google Scholar]

[r75] 75.Ceftazidime and dextrose [package insert]. Irvine, CA: B. Braun Medical, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r76] 76.Ceftriaxone and dextrose [package insert]. Irvine, CA: B. Braun Medical, Inc; 2010 [Google Scholar]

[r77] 77.Cefuroxime and dextrose [package insert]. Irvine, CA: B. Braun Medical, Inc; 2010 [Google Scholar]

[r78] 78.Cimzia [package insert]. Smyrna, GA: UCB, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r79] 79.Cetrotide [package insert]. Rockland, MA: EMD Serono, Inc; 2008 [Google Scholar]

[r80] 80.Nesacaine and Nesacaine-MPF [package insert]. Schaumburg, IL: APP Pharmaceuticals; 2010 [Google Scholar]

[r81] 81.Chlorpromazine [package insert]. Eatontown, NJ: West-Ward Pharmaceuticals; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r82] 82.Ovidrel [package insert]. Rockland, MA: EMD Serono, Inc; 2010 [Google Scholar]

[r83] 83.Ciprofloxacin injection [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Hospira, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r84] 84.Nimbex [package insert]. North Chicago, IL: Abbvie, Inc; 2013 [Google Scholar]

[r85] 85.Cisplatin injection [package insert]. New York, NY: Pfizer Injectables; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r86] 86.Leustatin [package insert]. Raritan, NJ: Centocor Ortho Biotech Products; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r87] 87.Cleviprex [package insert]. Parsippany, NJ: The Medicines Company; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r88] 88.Vaprisol [package insert]. Deerfield, IL: Astellas Pharma; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r89] 89.Acthrel [package insert]. Parsippany, NJ: Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Inc; 2007 [Google Scholar]

[r90] 90.Cosyntropin [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Sandoz; 2009 [Google Scholar]

[r91] 91.Cortrosyn [package insert]. Rancho Cucamonga, CA: Amphastar Pharmaceuticals, Inc; 2010 [Google Scholar]

[r92] 92.Cosyntropin [package insert]. Rockford, IL: Mylan Institutional LLC; 2013 [Google Scholar]

[r93] 93.Cosyntropin [package insert]. Liberty Corner, NJ: GeneraMedix; 2008 [Google Scholar]

[r94] 94.Cosyntropin [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Sandoz; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r95] 95.Cyanocobalamin [package insert]. Schaumburg, IL: APP Pharmaceuticals LLC; 2008 [Google Scholar]

[r96] 96.SandIMMUNE [package insert]. East Hanover, NJ: Novartis; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r97] 97.Cytarabine [package insert]. Schaumburg, IL: APP Pharmaceuticals LLC; 2008 [Google Scholar]

[r98] 98.Cytarabine [package insert]. New York, NY: Pfizer Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r99] 99.Cytarabine [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Hospira, Inc; 2007 [Google Scholar]

[r100] 100.Cytarabine [package insert]. Bedford, OH: Bedford Laboratories; 2008 [Google Scholar]

[r101] 101.Dacarbazine [package insert]. Schaumburg, IL: APP Pharmaceuticals LLC; 2008 [Google Scholar]

[r102] 102.Cosmegen [package insert]. Deerfield, IL: Lundbeck; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r103] 103.Dantrium [package insert]. Rochester, MI: JHP Pharmaceuticals LLC; 2008 [Google Scholar]

[r104] 104.Revonto [package insert]. Louisville, KY: US WorldMeds LLC; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r105] 105.Aranesp [package insert]. Thousand Oaks, CA: Amgen, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r106] 106.DaunoXome [package insert]. Souderton, PA: Galen US, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r107] 107.Cerubidine [package insert]. Bedford, OH: Bedford Laboratories; 2008 [Google Scholar]

[r108] 108.Prolia [package insert]. Thousand Oaks, CA: Amgen; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r109] 109.Xgeva [package insert]. Thousand Oaks, CA: Amgen; 2013 [Google Scholar]

[r110] 110.Iprivask [package insert]. Hunt Valley, MD: Canyon Pharmaceuticals; 2010 [Google Scholar]

[r111] 111.Dexamethasone sodium phosphate injection [package insert]. Schaumburg, IL: APP Pharmaceuticals LLC; 2008 [Google Scholar]

[r112] 112.Totect [package insert]. Rockaway, NJ: Topotarget USA, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r113] 113.Zinecard [package insert]. New York, NY: Pharmacia and Upjohn Co; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r114] 114.Dexrazoxane [package insert]. Bedford, OH: Bedford Laboratories; 2005 [Google Scholar]

[r115] 115.Dexrazoxane [package insert]. Rockford, IL: Mylan Institutional LLC; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r116] 116.Cystografin [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Bracco Diagnostics, Inc; 2006 [Google Scholar]

[r117] 117.MD-76R [package insert]. St. Louis, MO: Mallinckrodt, Inc; 2006 [Google Scholar]

[r118] 118.Sinografin [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Bracco Diagnostics Inc; 2006 [Google Scholar]

[r119] 119.Diazepam [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Hospira, Inc; 2008 [Google Scholar]

[r120] 120.Lanoxin [package insert]. Research Triangle Park, NC: GlaxoSmithKline; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r121] 121.D.H.E. 45 [package insert]. Costa Mesa, CA: Valeant Pharmaceuticals; 2002 [Google Scholar]

[r122] 122.Dimenhydrinate [package insert]. Schaumburg, IL: APP Pharmaceuticals LLC; 2008 [Google Scholar]

[r123] 123.Diphenhydramine [package insert]. Schaumburg, IL: APP Pharmaceuticals LLC; 2008 [Google Scholar]

[r124] 124.Dipyridamole [package insert]. Eatontown, NJ: West-ward Pharmaceuticals; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r125] 125.Docefrez [package insert]. Detroit, MI: Caraco Pharmaceutical Laboratories, Ltd; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r126] 126.Taxotere [package insert]. Bridgewater, NJ: sanofi-aventis Pharmaceuticals; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r127] 127.Anzemet [package insert]. Bridgewater, NJ: sanofi-aventis Pharmaceuticals; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r128] 128.Dopamine [package insert]. Shirley, NY: American Regent; 2005 [Google Scholar]

[r129] 129.Hectorol [package insert]. Cambridge, MA: Genzyme; 2010 [Google Scholar]

[r130] 130.Adriamycin [package insert]. Bedford, OH: Bedford Laboratories; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r131] 131.Doxycycline [package insert]. New York, NY: Pfizer Injectables; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r132] 132.Droperidol [package insert]. Shirley, NY: American Regent; 2005 [Google Scholar]

[r133] 133.Kalbitor [package insert]. Cambridge, MA: Dyax Corp; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r134] 134.Soliris [package insert]. Cheshire, CT: Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r135] 135.Ephedrine [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Akorn, Inc; 2010 [Google Scholar]

[r136] 136.Adrenalin [package insert]. Rochester, MI: JHP Pharmaceuticals LLC; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r137] 137.EpiPen and EpiPen Jr [package insert]. Napa, CA: Dey Pharma, LP; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r138] 138.Ellence [package insert]. New York, NY: Pfizer Injectables; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r139] 139.Epogen [package insert]. Thousand Oaks, CA: Amgen; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r140] 140.Procrit [package insert]. Horsham, PA: Janssen Products, LP; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r141] 141.Flolan [package insert]. Research Triangle Park, NC: GlaxoSmithKline; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r142] 142.Veletri [package insert]. South San Francisco, CA: Actelion Pharmaceuticals; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r143] 143.Integrilin [package insert].Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck & Co; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r144] 144.Nexium I.V. [package insert]. Wilmington, DE: Astra-Zeneca; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r145] 145.Enbrel [package insert]. Thousand Oaks, CA: Immunex Corp; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r146] 146.Ethamolin [package insert]. Kirkland, WA: QOL Medical LLC; 2006 [Google Scholar]

[r147] 147.Etopophos [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r148] 148.Bydureon [package insert]. San Diego, CA: Amylin Pharmaceuticals, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r149] 149.Byetta [package insert] (pen user manual). San Diego, CA: Amylin Pharmaceuticals, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r150] 150.NovoSeven RT [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Novo N or disk; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r151] 151.Corifact [package insert]. Kankakee, IL: CSL Behring LLC; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r152] 152.Sublimaze [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Akorn; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r153] 153.RiaSTAP [package insert]. Kankakee, IL: CSL Behring LLC; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r154] 154.Adrucil [package insert]. Irvine, CA: Teva Parenteral Medicines, Inc; 2007 [Google Scholar]

[r155] 155.Fluphenazine decanoate [package insert]. Schaumburg, IL: APP Pharmaceuticals LLC; 2010 [Google Scholar]

[r156] 156.Fluphenazine hydrochloride injection [package insert]. Schaumburg, IL: APP Pharmaceuticals LLC; 2010 [Google Scholar]

[r157] 157.Folic acid injection [package insert]. Schaumburg, IL: APP Pharmaceuticals LLC; 2010 [Google Scholar]

[r158] 158.Gonal-f [package insert]. Rockland, MA: EMD Serono, Inc; 2009 [Google Scholar]

[r159] 159.Gonal-F RFF [package insert]. Rockland, MA: EMD Serono, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r160] 160.Gonal-F RFF Pen [package insert]. Rockland, MA: EMD Serono, Inc; 2009 [Google Scholar]

[r161] 161.Follistim [package insert]. West Orange, NJ: Organon, Inc; 2008 [Google Scholar]

[r162] 162.Follistim AQ [package insert]. Roseland, NJ: Organon, Inc; 2010 [Google Scholar]

[r163] 163.Faslodex [package insert]. Wilmington, DE: Astra Zeneca; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r164] 164.Furosemide injection [package insert]. Schaumburg, IL: APP Pharmaceuticals LLC; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r165] 165.Omniscan [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: GE Healthcare, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r166] 166.Ablavar [package insert]. North Billerica, MA: Lantheus Medical Imaging, Inc; 2010 [Google Scholar]

[r167] 167.Vasovist [package insert]. Wayne, NJ: Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Inc; 2009 [Google Scholar]

[r168] 168.Magnevist [package insert]. Wayne, NJ: Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r169] 169.ProHance [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Bracco Diagnostics, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r170] 170.OptiMARK [package insert]. St. Louis, MO: Mallinckrodt, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r171] 171.Naglazyme [package insert]. Novato, CA: BioMarin Pharmaceutical, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r172] 172.Ganirelix [package insert]. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r173] 173.Copaxone [package insert]. North Wales, PA: Teva Pharmaceuticals; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r174] 174.GlucaGen Hypokit [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Novo Nordisk; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r175] 175.Myochrysine [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Akorn, Inc; 2008 [Google Scholar]

[r176] 176.Simponi [package insert]. Horsham, PA: Janssen Biotech, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r177] 177.Granisetron [package insert]. Schaumburg, IL: APP Pharmaceuticals LLC; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r178] 178.Hiberix [package insert]. Research Triangle Park, NC: GlaxoSmithKline; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r179] 179.PedvaxHIB [package insert]. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp; 2010 [Google Scholar]

[r180] 180.ActHIB [package insert]. Swiftwater, PA: Sanofi Pasteur, Inc; 2009 [Google Scholar]

[r181] 181.Haldol decanoate [package insert]. Titusville, NJ: Ortho-McNeil-Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r182] 182.Haloperidol lactate [package insert]. Schaumburg, IL: APP Pharmaceuticals LLC; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r183] 183.Gardasil [package insert]. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck & Co, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r184] 184.Cervarix [package insert]. Research Triangle Park, NC: GlaxoSmithKline; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r185] 185.Euflexxa [package insert]. Parsippany, NJ: Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r186] 186.Hyalgan [package insert]. Parsippany, NJ: Fidia Pharma USA, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r187] 187.Synvisc [package insert]. Ridgefield, NJ: Genzyme Corp; 2010 [Google Scholar]

[r188] 188.Synvisc-One [package insert]. Ridgefield, NJ: Genzyme Biosurgery; 2010 [Google Scholar]

[r189] 189.Orthovisc [package insert]. Woburn, MA: Anika Therapeutics, Inc; 2005 [Google Scholar]

[r190] 190.Supartz [package insert]. Durham, NC: Bioventus LLC; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r191] 191.Vitrase [package insert]. Irvine, CA: ISTA Pharmaceutical, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r192] 192.Solu-CORTEF [package insert]. New York, NY: Pfizer Injectables; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r193] 193.Dilaudid and Dilaudid-HP [package insert]. Stamford, CT: Purdue Pharma LP; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r194] 194.Hydroxocobalamin [package insert]. Corona, CA: Watson Pharm, Inc; 2010 [Google Scholar]

[r195] 195.Makena [package insert]. St. Louis, MO: Ther-Rx Corporation; 2013 [Google Scholar]

[r196] 196.Hydroxyzine [package insert]. Shirley, NY: American Regent, Inc; 2009 [Google Scholar]

[r197] 197.NeoProfen [package insert]. Deerfield, IL: Lundbeck, Inc; 2010 [Google Scholar]

[r198] 198.Idamycin PFS [package insert]. New York, NY: Pfizer; 2006 [Google Scholar]

[r199] 199.Elaprase [package insert]. Cambridge, MA: Shire Human Genetic Therapies, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r200] 200.Flebogamma DIF [package insert]. Los Angeles, CA: Grifols Biologicals, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r201] 201.Gammagard liquid [package insert]. Westlake Village, CA: Baxter International, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r202] 202.Gammaplex [package insert]. Raleigh, NC: BPL, Inc; 2013 [Google Scholar]

[r203] 203.Hizentra [package insert]. Kankakee, IL: CSL Behring AG; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r204] 204.Privigen [package insert]. Kankakee, IL: CSL Behring AG; 2013 [Google Scholar]

[r205] 205.Carimune NF [package insert]. Kankakee, IL: CSL Behring LLC; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r206] 206.Gamastan S/D [package insert]. Research Triangle Park, NC: Grifols Therapeutics, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r207] 207.Gammagard S/D [package insert]. Westlake Village, CA: Baxter Healthcare Corporation; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r208] 208.Gamunex-C [package insert]. Research Triangle Park, NC: Grifols Therapeutics, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r209] 209.Octagam [package insert]. Hoboken, NJ: Octapharma USA, Inc; 2009 [Google Scholar]

[r210] 210.Indigo Carmine [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Akorn, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r211] 211.Indocin [package insert]. Deerfield, IL: Lundbeck, Inc; 2010 [Google Scholar]

[r212] 212.Afluria [package insert]. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck & Co, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r213] 213.Fluarix [package insert]. Research Triangle Park, NJ: GlaxoSmithKline; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r214] 214.Flublok [package insert]. Meridian, CT: Protein Sciences Corp; 2013 [Google Scholar]

[r215] 215.Flucelvax [package insert]. Cambridge, MA: Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r216] 216.FluLaval [package insert]. Research Triangle Park, NJ: GlaxoSmithKline; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r217] 217.Fluvirin [package insert]. Cambridge, MA: Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r218] 218.Novolog [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Novo Nordisk, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r219] 219.Novolog 70/30 [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Novo Nordisk, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r220] 220.Levemir [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Novo Nordisk, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r221] 221.Apidra and Apidra Solostar [package insert]. Bridgewater, NJ: sanofi-aventis U.S. LLC; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r222] 222.Lantus [package insert]. Bridgewater, NJ: sanofi-aventis U.S. LLC; 2010 [Google Scholar]

[r223] 223.Humalog [package insert]. Indianapolis, IN: Lilly USA LLC; 2013 [Google Scholar]

[r224] 224.Humalog Mix 50/50 [package insert]. Indianapolis, IN: Lilly USA LLC; 2009 [Google Scholar]

[r225] 225.Humalog Mix 75/25 [package insert]. Indianapolis, IN: Lilly USA LLC; 2013 [Google Scholar]

[r226] 226.Novolin N [patient package insert]. Plainsboro, NJ: Novo Nordisk, Inc; 2013 [Google Scholar]

[r227] 227.Humulin N [patient package insert]. Indianapolis, IN: Lilly USA LLC; 2013 [Google Scholar]

[r228] 228.Novolin R [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Novo Nordisk, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r229] 229.Humulin R [package insert]. Indianapolis, IN: Lilly USA LLC; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r230] 230.Avonex [package insert]. Cambridge, MA: Biogen, Inc; 2006 [Google Scholar]

[r231] 231.Rebif [package insert]. New York, NY: Pfizer, Inc; 2013 [Google Scholar]

[r232] 232.Cholografin Meglummine [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Bracco Diagnostics, Inc; 2006 [Google Scholar]

[r233] 233.Visipaque [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: GE Healthcare, Inc; 2008 [Google Scholar]

[r234] 234.Omnipaque [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: GE Healthcare, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r235] 235.Isovue [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Bracco Diagnostics, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r236] 236.Isovue-M [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Bracco Diagnostics, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r237] 237.Ultravist [package insert]. Wayne, NJ: Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals, Inc; 2009 [Google Scholar]

[r238] 238.Conray [package insert]. St. Louis, MO: Mallinckrodt, Inc; 2003 [Google Scholar]

[r239] 239.Optiray [package insert]. Hazelwood, MO: Mallinckrodt, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r240] 240.Hexabrix [package insert]. St. Louis, MO: Mallinckrodt, Inc; 2005 [Google Scholar]

[r241] 241.Yervoy [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Bristol-Myers Squibb Company; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r242] 242.Camptosar [package insert]. New York, NY: Pfizer, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r243] 243.Isoniazid [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Sandoz, Inc; 2009 [Google Scholar]

[r244] 244.Isuprel [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Hospira, Inc; 2004 [Google Scholar]

[r245] 245.Ixempra [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Bristol-Myers Squibb Company; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r246] 246.Ixiaro [package insert]. Cambridge, MA: Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r247] 247.Ketalar [package insert]. Rochester, MI: JHP Pharmaceuticals LLC; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r248] 248.Ketorolac tromethamine [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Hospira, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r249] 249.Labetalol [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Hospira, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r250] 250.Somatuline Depot [package insert]. Basking Ridge, NJ: Ipsen Biopharmaceuticals, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r251] 251.Aldurazyme [package insert]. Novato, CA: BioMarin Pharmaceutical, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r252] 252.Leucovorin [package insert]. Bedford, OH: Bedford Laboratories; 2008 [Google Scholar]

[r253] 253.Leuprolide [package insert]. Sellersville, PA: Teva Pharmaceuticals USA; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r254] 254.Levocarnitine [package insert]. Sellersville, PA: Teva Pharmaceuticals USA; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r255] 255.Levocarnitine [package insert]. Shirley, NY: American Regent, Inc; 2009 [Google Scholar]

[r256] 256.Levocarnitine [package insert]. Bedford, OH: Bedford Laboratories; 2008 [Google Scholar]

[r257] 257.Carnitor [package insert]. Gaithersburg, MD: Sigma-Tau Pharmaceuticals, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r258] 258.Levaquin [package insert]. Titusville, NJ: Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r259] 259.Fusilev [package insert]. Irvine, CA: Spectrum Pharmaceuticals, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r260] 260.Levothyroxine [package insert]. Schaumburg, IL: APP Pharmaceuticals LLC; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r261] 261.Xylocaine MPF [package insert]. Schaumburg, IL: APP Pharmaceuticals LLC; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r262] 262.Victoza [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Novo Nordisk, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r263] 263.Zyvox [package insert]. New York, NY: Pfizer, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r264] 264.Ativan [package insert]. Eatontown, NJ: West-Ward Pharmaceuticals; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r265] 265.M-M-R II [package insert]. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck & Co, Inc; 2010 [Google Scholar]

[r266] 266.ProQuad [package insert]. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck & Co, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r267] 267.Increlex [package insert]. Basking Ridge, NJ: Ipsen Biopharmaceutical, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r268] 268.Mustargen [package insert]. Deerfield, IL: Lundbeck; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r269] 269.Alkeran [package insert]. Rockville, MD: ApoPharma USA, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r270] 270.Menveo [package insert]. Cambridge, MA: Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r271] 271.Menactra [package insert]. Swiftwater, PA: Sanofi Pasteur, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r272] 272.Repronex [package insert]. Parsippany, NJ: Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r273] 273.Scandonest Plain and Scandonest L [package insert]. Louisville, CO: Septodont; 2009 [Google Scholar]

[r274] 274.Methadone [package insert]. Rockford, IL: Mylan Institutional LLC; 2013 [Google Scholar]

[r275] 275.Methotrexate [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Hospira, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r276] 276.Methergine [package insert]. East Hanover, NJ: Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r277] 277.Relistor [package insert]. Raleigh, NC: Salix Pharmaceuticals; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r278] 278.A-Methapred [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Hospira, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r279] 279.Reglan [package insert]. Deerfield, IL: Baxter Healthcare Corporation; 2010 [Google Scholar]

[r280] 280.Lopressor [package insert]. East Hanover, NJ: Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation; 2013 [Google Scholar]

[r281] 281.Flagyl [package insert]. Deerfield, IL: Baxter Healthcare Corporation; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r282] 282.Mycamine [package insert]. Northbrook, IL: Astellas Pharma US, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r283] 283.Kynamro [package insert]. Cambridge, MA: Genzyme Corporation; 2013 [Google Scholar]

[r284] 284.Mitomycin [package insert]. Bedford, OH: Bedford Laboratories; 2000 [Google Scholar]

[r285] 285.Astramorph PF [package insert]. Wilmington, DE: AstraZeneca LP; 2005 [Google Scholar]

[r286] 286.Duramorph [package insert]. Eatontown, NJ: West-Ward Pharmaceuticals; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r287] 287.Nalbuphine [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Hospira, Inc; 2007 [Google Scholar]

[r288] 288.Naloxone [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Hospira, Inc; 2007 [Google Scholar]

[r289] 289.Tysabri [package insert]. South San Francisco, CA: Elan Pharmaceuticals, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r290] 290.Neostigmine [package insert]. Eatontown, NJ: West-Ward Pharmaceuticals; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r291] 291.Natrecor [package insert]. Titusville, NJ: Scios, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r292] 292.Cardene I.V. [package insert]. Bedminster, NJ: EKR Therapeutics, Inc; 2010 [Google Scholar]

[r293] 293.Nitroglycerin injection solution concentrate [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Hospira, Inc; 2004 [Google Scholar]

[r294] 294.Nitroglycerin [package insert]. Shirley, NY: American Regent, Inc; 2005 [Google Scholar]

[r295] 295.Nitroglycerin in dextrose [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Hospira, Inc; 2005 [Google Scholar]

[r296] 296.Nitropress [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Hospira, Inc; 2007 [Google Scholar]

[r297] 297.Levophed [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Hospira, Inc; 2007 [Google Scholar]

[r298] 298.Jetrea [package insert]. Iselin, NJ: ThromboGenics, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r299] 299.Sandostatin [package insert]. East Hanover, NJ: Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r300] 300.Arzerra [package insert]. Research Triangle Park, NC: GlaxoSmithKline; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r301] 301.Zyprexa [package insert]. Indianapolis, IN: Lilly USA LLC; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r302] 302.Xolair [package insert]. South San Francisco, CA: Genentech, Inc; 2010 [Google Scholar]

[r303] 303.Synribo [package insert]. North Wales, PA: Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r304] 304.Zofran [package insert]. Research Triangle Park, NC: GlaxoSmithKline; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r305] 305.Neumega [package insert]. Philadelphia, PA: Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r306] 306.Orphenadrine [package insert]. Bedford, OH: Bedford Laboratories; 2008 [Google Scholar]

[r307] 307.Orphenadrine [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Akorn, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r308] 308.Orphenadrine [package insert]. Corona, CA: Watson Pharm, Inc; 2010 [Google Scholar]

[r309] 309.Orphenadrine [package insert]. Schaumburg, IL: Sagent Pharmaceuticals, Inc; 2009 [Google Scholar]

[r310] 310.Norflex [package insert]. Shirley, NY: Graceway Pharmaceuticals, LLC; 2010 [Google Scholar]

[r311] 311.Eloxatin [package insert]. Bridgewater, NJ: sanofi-aventis U.S. LLC; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r312] 312.Opana [package insert]. Malvern, PA: Endo Pharmaceuticals, Inc; 2013 [Google Scholar]

[r313] 313.Paclitaxel [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Hospira, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r314] 314.Abraxane [package insert]. Summit, NJ: Celgene Corporation; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r315] 315.Kepivance [package insert]. Thousand Oaks, CA: Amgen, Inc; 2008 [Google Scholar]

[r316] 316.Aloxi [package insert]. Woodcliff Lake, NJ: Eisai, Inc; 2008 [Google Scholar]

[r317] 317.Vectibix [package insert]. Thousand Oaks, CA: Amgen, Inc; 2013 [Google Scholar]

[r318] 318.Protonix I.V. [package insert]. Philadelphia, PA: Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r319] 319.Papaverine [package insert]. Shirley, NY: American Regent, Inc; 2009 [Google Scholar]

[r320] 320.Signifor [package insert]. East Hanover, NJ: Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r321] 321.Neulasta [package insert]. Thousand Oaks, CA: Amgen, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r322] 322.Omontys [package insert]. Palo Alto, CA: Affymax, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r323] 323.Pegasys [package insert]. South San Francisco, CA: Genentech USA, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r324] 324.Krystexxa [package insert]. Bridgewater, NJ: Savient Pharmaceuticals, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r325] 325.Pentam 300 [package insert]. Schaumburg, IL: APP Pharmaceuticals LLC; 2008 [Google Scholar]

[r326] 326.Perjeta [package insert]. South San Francisco, CA: Genentech, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r327] 327.Phenylephrine [package insert]. Deerfield, IL: Baxter Healthcare Corporation; 2005 [Google Scholar]

[r328] 328.Vitamin K1 [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Hospira, Inc; 2004 [Google Scholar]

[r329] 329.IPOL [package insert]. Swiftwater, PA: Sanofi Pasteur, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r330] 330.Polymyxin B [package insert]. Schaumburg, IL: APP Pharmaceuticals LLC; 2008 [Google Scholar]

[r331] 331.Photofrin [package insert]. Bannockburn, IL: Pinnacle Biologics, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r332] 332.Folotyn [package insert]. Westminster, CO: Allos Therapeutics, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r333] 333.Symlin [package insert]. San Diego, CA: Amylin Pharmaceuticals, Inc; 2008 [Google Scholar]

[r334] 334.Citanest Forte [package insert]. York, PA: DENTSPLY Pharmaceutical; 2010 [Google Scholar]

[r335] 335.Novocain [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Hospira, Inc; 2004 [Google Scholar]

[r336] 336.Prochlorperazine [package insert]. Deerfield, IL: Baxter Healthcare Corporation; 2010 [Google Scholar]

[r337] 337.Phenergan [package insert]. Deerfield, IL: Baxter Healthcare Corporation; 2009 [Google Scholar]

[r338] 338.Propranolol [package insert]. Bedford, OH: Bedford Laboratories; 2008 [Google Scholar]

[r339] 339.Ceprotin [package insert]. Westlake Village, CA: Baxter Healthcare Corporation; 2007 [Google Scholar]

[r340] 340.Regonol [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Sandoz, Inc; 2009 [Google Scholar]

[r341] 341.Pyridoxine [package insert]. Schaumburg, IL: APP Pharmaceuticals LLC; 2008 [Google Scholar]

[r342] 342.RabAvert [package insert]. Cambridge, MA: Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r343] 343.Imovax Rabies [package insert]. Swiftwater, PA: Sanofi Pasteur Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r344] 344.Lucentis [package insert]. South San Francisco, CA: Genentech, Inc; 2013 [Google Scholar]

[r345] 345.Zantac [package insert]. Research Triangle Park, NC: GlaxoSmithKline; 2009 [Google Scholar]

[r346] 346.Elitek [package insert]. Bridgewater, NJ: sanofi-aventis U.S. LLC; 2010 [Google Scholar]

[r347] 347.Raxibacumab [package insert]. Rockville, MD: Human Genome Sciences, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r348] 348.Retavase [package insert]. Bedminster, NJ: EKR Therapeutics, Inc; 2009 [Google Scholar]

[r349] 349.Rhophylac [package insert]. Kankakee, IL: CSL Behring LLC; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r350] 350.Rifadin [package insert]. New York, NY: Pfizer, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r351] 351.Arcalyst [package insert]. Tarrytown, NY: Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc; 2010 [Google Scholar]

[r352] 352.Myobloc [package insert]. South San Francisco, CA: Solstice Neurosciences, Inc; 2010 [Google Scholar]

[r353] 353.Risperdal Consta [package insert]. Titusville, NJ: Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r354] 354.Rituxan [package insert]. South San Francisco, CA: Genentech, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r355] 355.Nplate [package insert]. Thousand Oaks, CA: Amgen, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r356] 356.Scopolamine [package insert]. Schaumburg, IL: APP Pharmaceuticals LLC; 2008 [Google Scholar]

[r357] 357.ChiRhoStim [package insert]. Burtonsville, MD: ChiRhoClin, Inc; 2007 [Google Scholar]

[r358] 358.Sodium nitrite [package insert]. Scottsdale, AZ: Hope Pharmaceuticals; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r359] 359.Genotropin [package insert]. New York, NY: Pfizer, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r360] 360.Tev-Tropin [package insert]. Horsham, PA: Teva Biologics and Specialty Products; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r361] 361.Norditropin [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: NovoNordisk, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r362] 362.Nutropin AQ [package insert]. South San Francisco, CA: Genentech, Inc; 2008 [Google Scholar]

[r363] 363.Omnitrope [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Sandoz, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r364] 364.Humatrope [package insert]. Indianapolis, IN: Eli Lilly and Company; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r365] 365.Nutropin [package insert]. South San Francisco, CA: Genentech, Inc; 2006 [Google Scholar]

[r366] 366.Saizen [package insert]. Rockland, MA: EMD Serono, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r367] 367.Serostim [package insert]. Rockland, MA: EMD Serono, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r368] 368.Zorbtive [package insert]. Rockland, MA: EMD Serono, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r369] 369.Streptomycin [package insert]. Big Flats, NY: X-Gen Pharmaceuticals, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r370] 370.Zanosar [package insert]. Irvine, CA: Teva Parenteral Medicines, Inc; 2007 [Google Scholar]

[r371] 371.Sufenta [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Akorn, Inc; 2008 [Google Scholar]

[r372] 372.Imitrex [package insert]. Research Triangle Park, NC: GlaxoSmithKline; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r373] 373.Alsuma [package insert]. New York, NY: Pfizer, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r374] 374.Elelyso [package insert]. New York, NY: Pfizer, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r375] 375.Torisel [package insert]. Philadelphia, PA: Pfizer, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r376] 376.Vumon [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Bristol-Myers Squibb Company; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r377] 377.Terbutaline [package insert]. Schaumburg, IL: APP Pharmaceuticals LLC; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r378] 378.Forteo [package insert]. Indianapolis, IN: Lilly USA LLC; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r379] 379.Egrifta [package insert]. Rockland, MA: EMD Serono, Inc; 2010 [Google Scholar]

[r380] 380.Depo-Testosterone [package insert]. New York, NY: Pfizer, Inc; 2006 [Google Scholar]

[r381] 381.Tetracaine [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Akorn, Inc; 2008 [Google Scholar]

[r382] 382.Thiamine [package insert]. Schaumburg, IL: APP Pharmaceuticals LLC; 2006 [Google Scholar]

[r383] 383.Thiotepa [package insert]. Bedford, OH: Bedford Laboratories; 2001 [Google Scholar]

[r384] 384.Thyrogen [package insert]. Cambridge, MA: Genzyme Corporation; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r385] 385.Aggrastat [package insert]. Somerset, NJ: Medicure Pharma, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r386] 386.Actemra [package insert]. South San Francisco, CA: Genentech; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r387] 387.Hycamtin [package insert]. Research Triangle Park, NJ: GlaxoSmithKline; 2010 [Google Scholar]

[r388] 388.Bexxar [package insert]. Research Triangle Park, NJ: GlaxoSmithKline; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r389] 389.Kenalog-10 [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Sandoz, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r390] 390.Triesence [package insert]. Fort Worth, TX: Alcon Laboratories, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r391] 391.Aristospan [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Sandoz, Inc; 2008 [Google Scholar]

[r392] 392.Aplisol [package insert]. Rochester, MI: JHP Pharmaceuticals LLC; 2008 [Google Scholar]

[r393] 393.Bravelle [package insert]. Parsippany, NJ: Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r394] 394.Stelara [package insert]. Horsham, PA: Janssen Biotech, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r395] 395.Varivax [package insert]. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck & Co, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r396] 396.Vecuronium [package insert]. New York, NY: Pfizer, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r397] 397.Vpriv [package insert]. Lexington, MA: Shire Human Genetic Therapies, Inc; 2013 [Google Scholar]

[r398] 398.Verapamil [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Hospira, Inc; 2010 [Google Scholar]

[r399] 399.Visudyne [package insert]. Menlo Park, CA: QLT Ophthalmics, Inc; 2010 [Google Scholar]

[r400] 400.Vinblastine [package insert]. Schaumburg, IL: APP Pharmaceuticals LLC; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r401] 401.Vinblastine [package insert]. Bedford, OH: Bedford Laboratories; 2010 [Google Scholar]

[r402] 402.Vincasar PFS [package insert]. Sellersville, PA: Teva Pharmaceuticals USA; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r403] 403.Marqibo [package insert]. South San Francisco, CA: Talon Therapeutics, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r404] 404.Navelbine [package insert]. New York, NY: Pfizer, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r405] 405.Aquasol A [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Hospira, Inc; 2007 [Google Scholar]

[r406] 406.Wilate [package insert]. Hoboken, NJ: Octapharma USA, Inc; 2010 [Google Scholar]

[r407] 407.Coumadin [package insert]. Princeton, NJ: Bristol-Myers Squibb Company; 2011 [Google Scholar]

[r408] 408.Prialt [package insert]. South San Francisco, CA: Elan Pharmaceuticals, Inc; 2008 [Google Scholar]

[r409] 409.Retrovir [package insert]. Research Triangle Park, NC: GlaxoSmithKline; 2009 [Google Scholar]

[r410] 410.Geodon [package insert]. New York, NY: Pfizer, Inc; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r411] 411.Zaltrap [package insert]. Bridgewater, NJ: sanofi-aventis U.S. LLC; 2012 [Google Scholar]

[r412] 412.Zostavax [package insert]. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck & Co, Inc; 2011 [Google Scholar]

PERMALINK

Light-Sensitive Injectable Prescription Drugs

References

ACTIONS

PERMALINK

RESOURCES

Cite

Add to Collections

PERMALINK

Light-Sensitive Injectable Prescription Drugs

References

ACTIONS

PERMALINK

RESOURCES

Similar articles

Cited by other articles

Links to NCBI Databases