Table 1.

Parameters and utilities in base Markov model

Variable	Surgical treatment	Nonsurgical treatment
Clinical parameter
Fraction of patients with satisfactory outcome after treatment	0.753 [26, 27]	0.485 [26, 27]
Fraction of patients with satisfactory outcome after revision	0.753 [26, 27]	NA
Annual revision rate after surgery–first year	0.06 [26]	NA
Annual revision rate after surgery–subsequent years	0.03 [4, 16, 26]	NA
Surgical mortality rate	0.0013 [26]	NA
Natural mortality rate	US life table	US life table
Utility
Dead	0	0
Satisfactory outcome	0.89 [14]	0.89 [14]
Unsatisfactory outcome	0.56 [14]	0.56 [14]
Revision surgery	0.69 [14, 26, 27]	NA

NA = not applicable.