Table 2.

Studies included: clinical summary

Study	Predominant complaint	Duration of symptoms	History of trauma	History of infection	Family history	Treatment	Recurrence	Complications
De Berker and Langtry [9]	NR	4–72 months	0	0	0	Excision/secondary intention	Yes x 2	Distal onycholysis in 4 patients
De Palma et al. [10]	Pain	4–32 months	NR	NR	NR	Excision	No	Partial onychodystrophy in 2 patients
Evison and Price [12]	NR	1–18 months	2/18	0	0	Excision	Yes x 4	Infection in 4 patients
Fikry et al. [13]	Pain		21/28	0	0	Excision	NR	NR
Ippolito et al. [16]	Rest pain and walking pain	1–48 months	0	NR	NR	Excision	No	Nail failed to regrow in 8 patients
Landon et al. [18]	Pain	12 months	9/39	15/39	0	Excision, amputation in 1 patient	Yes x 5	NR
Letts et al. [20]	Pain, enlarging nodule, ulceration	NR	3/21	2/21	0	Excision, amputation in 1 patient	Yes x 3	Ingrown toenail in 2 patients, nail regrowing vertically
Li et al. [21]	Pain, nail deformity	3–84 months	3/20	NR	0	Excision, amputation in 3 patients	Yes x 1	NR
Miller-Breslow and Dorfman [26]	Pain in 5 patients, mass in 14 patients	2 weeks to 10 years	0	0	0	Excision, amputation in 1 patient	Yes x 8	Misdiagnosis in 3 patients, incomplete excision in 5 patients
Oliveira et al. [29]	Mass	NR	NR	NR	NR	Excision with “hammer and chisel”	Yes x 3	NR
Ortega and Sanchez [30]	Pain in 15 patients	NR	4/20	NR	NR	Excision	NR	NR
Suga and Mukouda [34]	Pain	NR	4/14	4/14	NR	Excision, including partial nail bed in 9 patients	No	Onycholysis, ingrown toenail
Valinsky et al. [37]	Pain in all except 1, mass in all	NR	NR	NR	NR	Excision and dexamethasone	No	NR

NR = not reported.