Table 1. Summary of baseline characteristics (n = 60).

Variable	Category or unit	PCa (n = 27) Descriptive statistics*	Non-PCa (n = 33) Descriptive statistics*	p value†
Age	Year	69.67±10.29	62.76±7.15	0.003
Ln(serum PSA)	ng/mL	1.73±0.87	1.42±0.65	0.121
Gleason score	6 = 3+3	15 (71.4%)
	7 = 3+4	4 (19.0%)
	7 = 4+3	2 (9.5%)
Treatment	Watchful waiting	14 (51.9%)
	Prostatectomy	13 (48.1%)
Rising PSA	No	23 (85.2%)
	Yes	4 (14.8%)#
Other cancer	No	25 (92.6%)
	Yes	2 (7.4%)
Recurrence	No	13 (85%)
	Yes	2 (15%)

*Numerical variables are summarized using mean ± standard deviation (SD). Categorical variables are summarized using frequency (in %).

^† p values are calculated from t-tests.

#Serum PSA significantly rose during follow-up.