Loss of DNA-PKcs increases mitosis defects and chromosomal instability. (a) Chromosome numbers from individual metaphase spreads of HCT116, DNA-PKcs−/− and Ligase4−/− cells (n⩾100). (b) HCT116, DNA-PKcs−/− and Ligase4−/− cells were treated with 50 ng/ml nocodazole for 16 h, and, after release into fresh medium, they were treated with 10 μM MG132 for 3 h. Cells were stained for α-tubulin (red), crest (green) and DNA (blue). (c) Exponentially growing HCT116, DNA-PKcs−/− and Ligase4−/− cells were subjected to the same immunofluorescent staining protocol. Arrowheads indicate lagging chromosome. (d) Percentage of mitotic cells with misaligned chromosomes from three independent analyses. (e) Percentages of mitotic cells showed lagging chromosome were counted from three independent analyses. **P<0.01.