Figure 4. Simulation of the complex model of host-parasite interactions depicted in Fig. 3.

The dynamics are reminiscent of cyclic pattern between mafia and non-mafia parasite and among rejecter, conditional accepter, and accepter hosts. Parameters, G = 1000, N_p = 50, N_h = 1000, b_h = 5, β_N = 20, β_M = 18, μ_p = 0.005, μ_h = 0.01, c_n = 1, c_r = 1, c_p = 1.