Figure 5. Exploring (a) the cost of parasitic nestling, c_n and (b) the cost of re-clutching, c_r on the relative abundance of strategies in the population.

(a) As nestling cost increases the frequency of retaliating parasites increases. (b) As re-clutching cost increases the accepter-hosts increase in frequency, and since there is no need to enforce acceptance, mafia parasites decrease in frequency. Parasites again evolved to lay a single egg for all nestling and re-clutching costs. Parameters, G = 1000, N_p = 50, N_h = 1000, b_h = 5, β_N = 20, β_M = 18, μ_p = 0.005, μ_h = 0.01, c_p = 1, c_r = 1 in a) and c_n = 1 in b).