Table 2.
Examples for DNA microarray experiments investigating the gene expression after treatment of cells or animals with curcumin or curcumin derivatives.
| Models | Substances1,2 | Important observations3 | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| head and neck cancer cells | curcumin | decreased expression of MMP10 | 97 |
| colon cancer cells | curcumin | regulation of cell-cycle-related genes; down-regulation of RELA and MMP2 | 202,203 |
| bladder cancer4 | curcumin | regulation of cell-cycle-related genes | 205 |
| endothelial cells | demethoxycurcumin | decreased expression of MMP9 and other angiogenesis-related genes | 206 |
| lung cancer cells | curcumin; CLEFMA |
decreased expression of MMP14 and other invasionrelated genes; down-regulation of microRNA-186*; up-regulation of genes related to cellular redox status | 207–209 |
| smooth muscle cells, peritoneal phagocytes | curcumin | up-regulation of pro-apoptotic genes, cell adhesion molecules, and anti-inflammatory factors | 210 |
| breast cancer cells | curcumin | up-regulation of cell cycle inhibitors; complex regulation of apoptosis-related genes; down-regulation of pro-inflammatory chemokines; down-regulation of EGF pathway | 211–214 |
| hepatic stellate cell line | Curcuma oil | down-regulation of interleukin 6 and TIMP2 | 215 |
| colon5 | curcumin | strain-depended differences in regulated genes; reduced expression of pro-inflammatory genes | 216–218 |
| Ewing sarcoma cells6 | curcumin | down-regulation of radiation-induced anti-apoptotic factors | 220 |
| pancreatic cancer cells | curcumin | regulation of microRNAs and microRNA-target genes | 221 |
| liver7 | curcumin | weak peroxisomal proliferator activity (in rats) | 222 |
| leukemia cells | curcumin | down-regulation of cell cycle regulators and JAK/STAT signaling | 223 |
| heart8 | curcumin | down-regulation of pro-inflammatory factors | 224 |
| liver cancer cells | curcumin | down-regulation of protein kinase C | 225 |
| microglia cell line | curcumin | up-regulation of anti-inflammatory factors | 226 |
| retinoblastoma cells | curcumin | regulation of multiple genes involved in apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, and angiogenesis; regulation of microRNAs and microRNA-target genes | 227,228 |
| blood cells9 | curcumin | down-regulation of pro-inflammatory factors | 229 |
CLEFMA, 4-[3,5-bis(2-chlorobenzylidene-4-oxo-piperidine-1-yl)-4-oxo-2-butenoic acid].
In some investigations curcumin or curcumin derivatives were compared with other substances.
EGF, epidermal growth factor; JAK/STAT, janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription MMP2, matrix metalloproteinase 2; MMP9, matrix metalloproteinase 9; MMP10, matrix metalloproteinase 10; MMP14, matrix metalloproteinase 14; TIMP2, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2.
In the cited publication the investigated cell line (ECV304) was used as a model for endothelial cells, but there is evidence that this cell line is identical to the bladder cancer cell line T24.204
In-vivo models for inflammatory bowel diseases.
In the cited publication the investigated cell line (SK-N-MC) was used as a model for neuroblastoma, but there is evidence that this cell line is derived from Ewing sarcoma (Askin tumor).219
In-vivo toxicology study.
In-vivo model for myocardial infarction.
In-vivo model for arthritis.