TABLE 1.
Correlates of HSV-2 Seropositivity Among HIV-Infected Individuals*
| Variable | HSV-2+ n = 188 | HSV-2− n = 118 | pOR (95% CI)† | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 151 (80) | 108 (92) | Referent | Referent |
| Female | 37 (20) | 10 (8) | 2.65 (1.26–5.55)** | 0.01 |
| Age (yr), mean (±SD) | 43 (±9) | 40 (±11) | 1.03 (1.01–1.06) | 0.007 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| Caucasian | 90 (48) | 80 (68) | Referent | Referent |
| African American | 96 (51) | 38 (32) | 2.25 (1.39–3.63) | 0.001 |
| History of HIV-1 infection (yr), mean (±SD) | 11.10 (±6.89) | 8.77 (±0.61) | 1.05 (1.02–1.09) | 0.005 |
| HIV risk factor | ||||
| Heterosexual | 48 (26) | 22 (19) | Referent | Referent |
| Men who have sex with men (MSM) | 109 (59) | 82 (70) | 1.43 (0.66–3.10) | 0.36 |
| Intravenous drug use (IVDU) | 9 (5) | 4 (3) | 1.72 (0.43–6.89) | 0.45 |
| MSM + IVDU | 13 (7) | 5 (4) | 2.73 (0.74–10.04) | 0.13 |
| CD4 lymphocyte, cells/μL at enrollment‡ | 612 (±282) | 559 (±196) | NS | 0.25 |
| CD4 lymphocytes, mean % (95% confidence interval) at enrollment | 30 (29–31) | 30 (28–32) | NS | 0.51 |
| Drug use, any | 109 (60) | 51 (45) | 1.86 (1.13–3.08) | 0.02 |
| Marijuana | 53 (28) | 34 (29) | 1.10 (0.64–1.90) | 0.73 |
| Cocaine | 72 (39) | 31 (26) | 1.69 (0.98–2.90) | 0.06 |
| Methamphetamine | 26 (14) | 15 (13) | 1.94 (0.92–4.12) | 0.08 |
| Heroine/opiates | 17 (9) | 3 (3) | 4.73 (1.27–17.56) | 0.02 |
| IVDU | 22 (12) | 9 (8) | 1.72 (0.72–4.10) | 0.22 |
| History of sexually transmitted infection, any | 90 (48) | 35 (30) | 2.29 (1.35–3.88) | 0.002 |
| Chlamydia | 8 (4) | 3 (3) | 2.22 (0.55–8.96) | 0.26 |
| Gonorrhea | 30 (16) | 9 (8) | 2.36 (1.03–5.36) | 0.04 |
| Syphilis | 48 (26) | 15 (13) | 2.48 (1.27–2.85) | 0.01 |
| Hepatitis B | 34 (18) | 11 (9) | 2.65 (1.24–5.66) | 0.01 |
| Hepatitis C | 35 (19) | 10 (8) | 2.01 (0.91–4.45) | 0.08 |
*
Data are presented as number (percent) unless otherwise designated. Missing data were not included in the analysis.
†
P values were calculated for nondemographic parameters using logistic regression adjusted for male sex, age, European American ancestry, and years of HIV-1 infection.
‡
Note that log(10)-transformed cell counts were used for CD4 lymphocytes.
**
Bold indicates values reaching statistical significance (*P < 0.05).
HSV-2 indicates herpes simplex virus type 2; pOR, prevalence odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; SD, standard deviation; NS, not significant.