Figure 1.

Various effects of chemotherapeutic agents and antiangiogenic agents. Different chemotherapeutic agents induce different side effects and sometimes cause complications based on the different system they affect in the body. Although the main target of antiangiogenic agents is endothelial cells, other systems beside the cardiovascular system are impacted by these therapies as well. Bevacizumab as well as tyrosine kinase inhibitors not only can modulate the immune system in a positive way but also can cause harmful effects such as reduction of T-cell proliferation and cytokine production (ref.81). The sequence and order of these effects might change in different combinations of chemotherapy and antiangiogenic agents, leading to different efficacies and side effects. Bold arrows show main effects. Dashed arrows show minor or possible effects.