Table 1.
Patterns of antimicrobial and associated resistances of the N. gonorrhoeae isolates detected in Switzerland during the study period a
|
Antibiotics
b
|
No. and (%) of isolates |
|
|---|---|---|
| 1998-2001 (n = 26) | 2009-2012 (n = 34) | |
| Resistant to ≥ 2 antibiotics: |
14 (53.8) |
31 (91.2) |
| -PEN and CIP |
2 (7.7) |
25 (73.5) |
| -PEN and AZT |
3 (11.5) |
8 (23.5) |
| -PEN and TET |
14 (53.8) |
28 (82.4) |
| -CIP and TET |
2 (7.7) |
23 (67.6) |
| -CIP and AZT |
1 (3.8) |
7 (20.6) |
| -AZT and TET |
3 (11.5) |
8 (23.5) |
| Resistant to ≥ 3 antibiotics (i.e., MDR isolates): |
2 (7.7) |
24 (70.6) |
| -PEN, CIP, and AZT |
1 (3.8) |
7 (20.6) |
| -PEN, CIP, and TET |
2 (7.7) |
23 (67.6) |
| -PEN, AZT, and TET |
3 (11.5) |
8 (23.5) |
| -CIP, AZT, and TET |
1 (3.8) |
7 (20.6) |
| Resistant to ≥ 4 antibiotics: |
1 (3.8) |
9 (26.5) |
| -PEN, CIP, AZT, and TET |
1 (3.8) |
7 (20.6) |
| -PEN, CIP, TET, and CFX |
0 (0.0) |
2 (5.9) |
| Resistant to 5 antibiotics (PEN, CIP, AZT, TET, and CFX) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (5.9) |
Note. PEN, penicillin; CIP, ciprofloxacin; AZT, azithromycin; TET, tetracycline; CFX, cefixime.
a All isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone (CRO) and spectinomycin (SPE).
b “Resistant” includes intermediate and resistant according to the EUCAST criteria [26].