Table 1.

Brain Regions Demonstrating Differential Modulation of BOLD Responses by Chosen Punishment Level During the Offer-Phase Versus Baseline and the Decision-Phase Versus Baseline

Regiona	Coordinates of Peak activationb					F (df = 1, 19)	p	Voxels
	Left/Right	BA	x	y	z
Offer-Phase
Dorsomedial frontal cortex	Right	6	7.5	10.5	44.5	4.650	<.001	21
Inferior frontal	Right	45/47	49.5	28.5	2.5	4.441	<.001	11
Medial frontal	Left	6	−16.5	4.5	53.5	4.382	<.001	15
Posterior cingulate cortex	Right	31	16.5	−61.5	20.5	3.863	<.001	11
Superior temporal gyrus	Left	22	−52.5	−13.5	−3.5	5.240	<.001	31
Superior temporal gyrus	Right	38	43.5	10.5	−15.5	4.102	<.001	10
Inferior parietal lobule	Left	39/40	−46.5	−43.5	50.5	5.562	<.001	341
Inferior parietal lobule	Right	40	46.5	−46.5	50.5	5.911	<.001	105
Middle insula	Right	13	37.5	−10.5	11.5	3.830	<.005	27
Decision-Phase
Dorsomedial frontal cortex	Right	32	4.5	7.5	47.5	7.791	<.001	398
Dorsolateral frontal cortex	Right	10	43.5	16.5	35.5	6.888	<.001	575
Dorsolateral frontal cortex	Left	46	−40.5	1.5	29.5	6.773	<.001	375
Orbital frontal cortex	Left	46/10	−28.5	43.5	11.5	4.999	<.001	63
Orbital frontal cortex	Right	11/47	40.5	34.5	−3.5	4.419	<.001	17
Inferior frontal cortex	Left	47/11	−37.5	34.5	−3.5	3.867	<.001	13
Rostral anterior cingulate cortex	Left	32	−13.5	31.5	2.5	4.426	<.001	39
Posterior cingulate cortex	Right	23	1.5	−28.5	26.5	9.566	<.001	273
Anterior insula	Left	13	−43.5	13.5	2.5	5.542	<.001	101
Anterior insula	Right	47	28.5	19.5	2.5	5.696	<.001	55
Caudate	Right		10.5	10.5	8.5	4.921	<.001	70
Thalamus/caudate/periaqueductal gray	Left		−13.5	−22.5	5.5	10.20	<.001	397
Postcentral gyrus/insula/cingulate	Right	3/13/31	7.5	−25.5	41.5	8.749	<.001	1196
Unsula	Left	13	−37.5	−25.5	20.5	4.609	<.001	16
Middle temporal gyrus	Left	21	−55.5	−31.5	−6.5	3.899	<.001	11
Parahippocampal gyrus	Left	36	−37.5	−28.5	−9.5	3.481	<.005	10
Parietal cortices/precuneus	Left & Right	40/39/7	−37.5	−55.5	47.5	9.163	<.001	2747
Cerebellar tonsil	Right		22.5	−46.5	−21.5	6.644	<.001	122
Culmen	Left		−13.5	−52.5	−15.5	6.150	<.001	95
Cuneus	Right	17	22.5	−85.8	14.5	4.956	<.001	45
Cuneus	Left	17	−19.5	−91.5	17.5	4.971	<.001	43

Notes.

^aAccording to the Talairach Daemon Atlas (http://www.nitrc.org/projects/tal-daemon/).

^bBased on the standard brain template of the Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI).

BA = Brodmann’s Area, df = degrees of freedom.