Table 1. Characteristics of the LBC1921 Sample (n = 170) According to PAD Status.

Characteristic	No PAD n = 123		PAD n = 47		Effect Size
	M	SD	M	SD
Note. For continuous variables, p values for group differences are based on t tests and absolute effect size is expressed as Cohen’s d. For categorical variables, p values are based on χ2 tests and effect size is expressed as ϕ/Cramer’s V.
* p < .05. ** p < .001.
ABI	1.13	0.18	0.75	0.12	2.28**
Age	86.62	0.40	86.58	0.40	0.11
Sex (% women)	50.41		55.32		0.04
Education (years)	11.45	2.77	10.90	2.27	0.21
Age-11 IQ	103.43	14.04	101.90	11.78	0.11
MMSE	28.16	1.51	28.17	1.51	0.01
APOE ε4 (%)	18.03		33.33		0.16*
Smoking					0.08
Never smoked (%)	50.41		42.55
Ex-smoker (%)	47.15		53.19
Current smoker (%)	2.44		4.26
Alcohol consumption (yes, %)	76.03		74.47		0.02
Units of alcohol/week	8.19	11.51	8.81	11.50	0.05
Systolic blood pressure	155.58	21.14	160.49	23.74	0.23
Diastolic blood pressure	76.05	10.54	73.19	11.24	0.27
History of hypertension (%)	44.72		55.32		0.10
History of diabetes (%)	4.88		4.26		0.01
History of cardiovascular disease (%)	20.33		34.04		0.14
History of cerebrovascular disease (%)	8.13		6.38		0.03
Number of depressive symptoms	3.92	2.49	3.51	2.24	0.17
Age-87 IQ	101.24	13.75	100.42	14.29	0.06
g factor	0.11	0.94	–0.09	0.98	0.22
Raven’s Matrices	28.99	8.84	26.80	9.69	0.24
Logical Memory–total	34.26	13.30	31.77	15.26	0.18
Letter fluency	40.20	12.44	41.04	11.66	0.07
Letter-Number Sequencing	9.30	2.93	8.94	3.11	0.12
Digit Symbol	42.19	12.68	37.74	13.06	0.35
Mean simple RT	0.34	0.10	0.39	0.19	0.37
Mean four-choice RT (correct responses)	0.82	0.13	0.83	0.18	0.05