Table 3. Characteristics of the LBC1936 Sample (n = 748) According to PAD Status.

Characteristics	No PAD n = 657		PAD n = 91		Effect Size
	M	SD	M	SD
Note. For continuous variables, p values for group differences are based on t tests and absolute effect size is expressed as Cohen’s d. For categorical variables, p values are based on χ2 tests and effect size is expressed as ϕ/Cramer’s V.
* p < .05. ** p < .01. *** p < .001.
ABI	1.12	0.16	0.81	0.09	2.06***
Age	72.53	0.70	72.47	0.68	0.09
Sex (% women)	48.86		48.35		0.00
Education (years)	10.82	1.15	10.79	1.10	0.03
Age-11 IQ	101.44	14.72	101.56	13.62	0.01
MMSE	28.84	1.29	28.75	1.30	0.07
APOE ε4 (%)	30.39		27.06		0.02
Smoking					0.12**
Never smoked (%)	48.55		39.56
Ex-smoker (%)	43.99		42.86
Current smoker (%)	7.46		17.58		0.12**
Alcohol consumption (yes, %)	89.04		82.42		0.07
Units of alcohol/week	13.24	14.81	14.98	12.89	0.12
Systolic blood pressure	146.81	18.36	154.39	18.54	0.41***
Diastolic blood pressure	77.65	9.49	78.73	10.84	0.11
History of hypertension (%)	48.10		53.85		0.04
History of diabetes (%)	8.68		16.48		0.09*
History of cardiovascular disease (%)	27.25		38.46		0.08*
History of cerebrovascular disease (%)	5.48		8.79		0.05
Number of depressive symptoms	2.52	2.16	2.86	2.20	0.16
g Factor	0.04	0.96	0.11	0.98	0.07
g Memory	0.01	0.97	0.29	0.96	0.29
g Speed	0.05	0.98	−0.03	1.01	0.08
Matrix Reasoning	13.26	4.92	14.10	5.01	0.17
Logical Memory–total	45.67	9.83	49.10	10.35	0.35**
Letter fluency	43.34	12.97	45.15	13.50	0.14
Letter-Number Sequencing	10.94	3.03	11.60	3.01	0.22
Digit Symbol	57.00	12.23	55.91	12.21	0.09
Mean simple RT	0.27	0.05	0.27	0.04	0.15
Mean four-choice RT (correct responses)	0.65	0.09	0.64	0.09	0.10