Table 2.
Relationship between surgical volume and PSIs
| n | Low-volume | Mid-volume | High-volume | p value† | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PSI#2 |
Death in low-mortality DRGs* |
151,447 |
0.0 (0.0-0.0) |
0.0 (0.0-0.0) |
0.0 (0.0-0.0) |
n.s. |
| PSI#3 |
Decubitus ulcer |
998,048 |
8.0 (5.1-10.9) |
4.5 (3.5-5.5) |
3.8 (3.0-4.6) |
p < 0.05 |
| PSI#4 |
Death among surgical inpatients with serious treatable complications |
28,314 |
384.6 (337.4-431.8) |
293.3 (249.8-336.8) |
214.5 (190.4-238.6) |
p < 0.01 |
| PSI#5 |
Foreign body left during procedure |
1,220,717 |
0.0 (0.0-0.0) |
0.0 (0.0-0.0) |
0.0 (0.0-0.0) |
n.s. |
| PSI#6 |
Iatrogenic pneumothorax |
1,170,714 |
0.0 (0.0-0.1) |
0.1 (0.0-0.1) |
0.1 (0.0-0.1) |
n.s. |
| PSI#7 |
Central venous catheter-related blood stream infections |
827,855 |
0.2 (0.1-0.3) |
0.2 (0.1-0.3) |
0.3 (0.0-0.6) |
n.s. |
| PSI#8 |
Postoperative hip fracture |
491,103 |
1.1 (0.0-2.1) |
0.4 (0.2-0.5) |
0.6 (0.0-1.2) |
n.s. |
| PSI#9 |
Postoperative hemorrhage or hematoma |
539,515 |
18.4 (6.8-30.0) |
31.2 (15.4-47.1) |
41.4 (33.8-49.0) |
p < 0.05 |
| PSI#10 |
Postoperative physiologic and metabolic derangement |
532,175 |
3.3 (2.3-4.4) |
2.6 (2.1-3.2) |
3.6 (3.0-4.1) |
n.s. |
| PSI#11 |
Postoperative respiratory failure |
448,338 |
12.4 (1.4-23.5) |
8.8 (5.4-12.2) |
5.3 (3.2-7.3) |
n.s. |
| PSI#12 |
Postoperative pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis |
537,366 |
5.3 (1.6-9.1) |
4.9 (1.1-8.6) |
7.3 (1.5-13.0) |
n.s. |
| PSI#13 |
Postoperative sepsis |
561,102 |
4.4 (2.5-6.4) |
5.1 (3.9-6.3) |
10.5 (8.1-13.0) |
p < 0.01 |
| PSI#14 |
Postoperative wound dehiscence |
81,364 |
10.2 (4.6-15.8) |
11.5 (8.3-14.7) |
9.9 (8.1-11.7) |
n.s. |
| PSI#15 |
Accidental puncture or laceration |
1,185,502 |
0.0 (0.0-0.0) |
0.0 (0.0-0.0) |
0.0 (0.0-0.0) |
n.s. |
| PSI#16 |
Transfusion reaction |
1,220,717 |
0.0 (0.0-0.0) |
0.0 (0.0-0.0) |
0.0 (0.0-0.0) |
n.s. |
| PSI#17 |
Birth trauma - injury to neonate |
3,068 |
0.0 (0.0-0.0) |
0.0 (0.0-0.0) |
0.0 (0.0-0.0) |
n.s. |
| PSI#18 |
Obstetric trauma - vaginal delivery with instruments |
207 |
0.0 (0.0-0.0) |
9.2 (3.6-15.8) |
19.2 (7.2-33.7) |
n.s. |
| PSI#19 | Obstetric trauma - vaginal delivery without Instruments | 1,184 | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | 12.5 (6.2-20.5) | 21.7 (9.6-37.0) | n.s. |
Score of PSIs are indicated by rate per 1,000 discharges. PSI#2 was calculated per 100, PSI#5 and #16 were observed cases.
Directly calculated 95% CI of PSI#18 and #19 had wide range and lower limit was negative number. To improve this situation, we performed bootstrap method to calculate these 95% CI.
PSI#1 and #20 were deleted since AHRQ quitted these support.
*In this study, we calculated Death in Low-Mortality DPC/PDPS. †ANOVA was used for statistical analysis and Scheffe’s test for post hoc comparisons.