Table 1.

Study Design

	Design Elements
Data Collection	Email with direct link to a survey about clinical scenarios in the past 2 years. The survey was hosted on a secure survey platform. If participants answered YES to the prompts listed below they were asked to write a description of the situation and title the story. Story 1: Have you been in a situation where you believe patients may have been at risk due to failure of one or more team members to listen to or respond to another team member’s concern? Story 2: Have you experienced unresolved concerns about problems with another caregiver’s performance in the intrapartum care setting?
Data Analysis	Frequencies were used to characterize categorical responses to the two questions listed above. Textual data were grouped by association membership; Atlas.ti software was used to organize and assist in data analysis. Thematic analysis of the free-text responses following the methods of Braun & Clarke (2006): 3 team members independently inductively coded the first five responses for Story 1 from each clinician group to develop a preliminary codebook. Codes were reviewed and discussed by the entire research team, applied to the next 20 stories, and iteratively examined to achieve consensus on coding and definitions. New codes that were identified as coding progressed were discussed by the group and compared to existing codes. Codes were expanded, collapsed, or condensed as needed. Upon completion of coding all the stories, each analyst independently clustered codes as predominant themes. Themes from each analyst were compared, contrasted, and integrated based on commonalties across the data set. Diagramming strategies were used to assist with developing relationships among concepts, and an iterative consensus process to develop the final thematic integration.
Data Exemplars	Multiple candidate exemplar stories judged to be representative of the dataset were proposed for illustrating each theme. Iterative consensus was used to select the final representative quotations.