Table 1.
Baseline demographics of the Northern Manhattan Study (n = 3298).
| Socio-demographic characteristics | Whole cohort (n = 3298). Mean +/− SD or n (%) | Physically inactive (n = 1347). Mean +/− SD or n (%) | Intermediate MET-score (n = 1178). Mean +/− SD or n (%) | High MET-score (n = 773). Mean +/− SD or n (%) | p-value for difference§ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 69.2 (10.3) | 69.3 (10.3) | 69.3 (10.3) | 69.0 (10.4) | 0.9 | |
| Women | 2071 (62.8%) | 898 (66.7%) | 755 (64.1%) | 418 (54.1%) | <0.0001 | |
| Race-Ethnicity | Hispanic | 1726 (52.3%) | 836 (62.1%) | 578 (49.1%) | 312 (40.4%) | <0.0001 |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 803 (24.4%) | 269 (20.0%) | 319 (27.1%) | 215 (27.8%) | ||
| Non-Hispanic White | 690 (20.9%) | 212 (15.7%) | 257 (21.8%) | 221 (28.6%) | ||
| Less than high school education | 1786 (54.2%) | 842 (62.6%) | 614 (52.1%) | 330 (42.7%) | <0.0001 | |
| Medicaid or no insurance | 1435 (43.8%) | 688 (51.3%) | 476 (40.7%) | 271 (35.4%) | <0.0001 | |
| Medical Co-morbidities | ||||||
| Tobacco use | Never used | 1548 (47.0%) | 625 (46.4%) | 610 (51.8%) | 313 (40.5%) | <0.0001 |
| Former smoker | 1179 (35.8%) | 476 (35.4%) | 390 (33.1%) | 313 (40.5%) | ||
| Current user | 569 (17.2%) | 245 (18.2%) | 178 (15.1%) | 146 (18.9%) | ||
| Alcohol use | Moderate use | 1086 (32.9%) | 371 (27.5%) | 386 (32.8%) | 329 (42.6%) | <0.0001 |
| Hypertension | 2429 (73.7%) | 1018 (75.6%) | 866 (73.5%) | 545 (70.5%) | 0.04 | |
| Diabetes mellitus†† | 716 (21.8%) | 325 (24.2%) | 261 (22.2%) | 130 (16.8%) | 0.0003 | |
| High-density lipoprotein cholesterol | 46.8 (14.6) | 45.6 (14.1) | 47.0 (14.9) | 48.4 (14.8) | <0.0001 | |
| Any cardiac disease | 792 (24.0%) | 329 (24.4%) | 275 (23.3%) | 188 (24.3%) | 0.8 | |
| Depression | 336 (10.2%) | 169 (12.6%) | 107 (9.1%) | 60 (7.8%) | 0.0006 | |
| Taking cholesterol lowering medications | 411 (12.4%) | 179 (13.3%) | 132 (11.2%) | 100 (12.9%) | 0.3 | |
| Mini-mental status examination score at baseline | 26.0 (3.8) | 25.4 (4.2) | 26.2 (3.5) | 26.7 (3.2) | <0.0001 | |
*Moderate alcohol use = ≤2 servings of alcohol per day
† Hypertension = Systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg based on the average of two blood pressure measurements, a physician diagnosis of hypertension, or a patient's self-report of a history of hypertension or anti-hypertensive use.
††
Diabetes mellitus was defined as fasting blood glucose ≥ 126 mg/dl, the patient's self-report of diabetes mellitus, or insulin and/or hypoglycemic agent use.
§
Chi-squared test for categorical variables and Kruskal-Wallis Test for continuous variables