Table 2.
Hemodynamic status, hemodynamic drugs, and echocardiographic parameters
| Total (n=54) | Group 1 (n=18) | Group 2 (n=18) | Group 3 (n=18) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shock | 38 (70.4) | 17 (94.4) | 14 (77.8) | 7 (38.9) | 0.001 |
| Cardiogenic shock | 31 (57.4) | 12 (66.7) | 13 (72.2) | 6 (33.3) | |
| Septic shock | 3 (5.6) | 2 (11.1) | 1 (5.6) | 0 | 0.006 |
| Mixed shock | 4 (7.4) | 3 (16.7) | 0 | 1 (5.6) | |
| Dopamine | 19 (35.2) | 8 (44.4) | 6 (33.3) | 5 (27.8) | 0.566 |
| Norepinephrine | 37 (68.5) | 16 (88.9) | 14 (77.8) | 7 (38.9) | 0.003 |
| Vasopressin | 27 (50) | 12 (66.7) | 10 (55.6) | 5 (27.8) | 0.056 |
| Epinephrine | 9 (16.7) | 3 (16.7) | 5 (27.8) | 1 (5.6) | 0.202 |
| Levosimendan | 33 (61.1) | 13 (72.2) | 13 (72.2) | 7 (38.9) | 0.060 |
| Phenylephrine | 11 (20.4) | 8 (44.4) | 2 (11.1) | 1 (5.6) | 0.007 |
| Dobutamine | 4 (7.4) | 1 (5.6) | 1 (5.6) | 2 (11.1) | 0.763 |
| Intra-aortic balloon pump | 10 (18.5) | 4 (22.2) | 4 (22.2) | 2 (11.1) | 0.612 |
| CVP lowest (cmH2O)a | 8±5* | 6±5 | 2±5 | 0.006 | |
| CO lowest (L/min)a | 4.1±2.1 | 3.5±1.8 | 4.9±2.3 | 0.704 | |
| MAP lowest (mmHg) | 54±15 | 58±14 | 59±14 | 0.602 | |
| SAP lowest (mmHg) | 73±25 | 83±15 | 87±20 | 0.112 | |
| CI lowest (L/min/m2)a | 2.3±1.1 | 1.6±0.9 | 2.7±1.2 | 0.429 | |
| TAPSE (mm) | 15±6* | 18±4 | 22±6 | 0.035 | |
| EF LV by Teichholz formula (%)a | 52±18 | 56 | 59±21 | 0.863 | |
| EF LV by Simpson’s rule (%)a | 41±15 | 45±11 | 53±15 | 0.058 |
Notes: Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation or n (%).
a
Some data are missing.
*
P<0.05 versus Group 3.
Abbreviations: CI, cardiac index; CO, cardiac output; CVP, central venous pressure; EF, ejection fraction; LV, left ventricle; MAP, mean arterial pressure; SAP, systolic arterial pressure; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion.