Figure 1.

Effects of SST and FSST formulas on VSMC proliferation and viability. VSMCs were seeded into 12-well plates at 4 × 10⁴ cells/mL and cultured in DMEM containing 10% FBS at 37°C for 24 h. The cells were then incubated in serum-free medium for 24 h, treated with SST (S-OR) or FSST formulas (S-AOR, S-A144, S-A161 and S-A344) for another 24 h in fresh serum-free medium and stimulated by PDGF-BB (25 ng/mL). (A) Cell proliferation was determined using a colourimetric WST-1 assay read at 450 nm (n = 4); (B) cells were counted using a haemocytometer (n = 3). Values are expressed as the mean ± S.E.M. Statistically significant differences relative to PDGF controls (PDGF-stimulated) are indicated by *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01.