Table 5.

Translating Mongolian NCD KAP findings into public health practice

At-risk population	Findings from KAP study	Suggestions for public health practice
Mongolian men	High prevalence of smoking; riskier attitudes towards smoking i.e. allowing smoking indoors; and less inclined to acknowledge the necessity of smoke-free working environments.	● Increase and improve taxation on cigarettes and other tobacco products [14-16].
		● Reinforce restrictions on the advertisement of tobacco products.
		● Increase picture health warnings on cigarette packs [14,17].
		● Use gender-sensitive prevention and harm reduction techniques such as counter-advertisement [18].
		● Prohibit smoking in all public spaces and office spaces [19].
		● Increase provision of smoking cessation counselling by healthcare providers.
		● Increase access to free smoking cessation programs, for example quit lines [20].
Urban Mongolians	Higher prevalence of smoking.	● Same measures as for Mongolian men.
Mongolian youth	High prevalence of smoking compared to other countries; less awareness about the health harms associated with smoking.	● Increase the level of early education on the harms of tobacco smoking [21].
		● Reinforce restrictions on the advertisement of tobacco products [22].
		● Prohibit the sale of tobacco on store shelves and the sale of non-tobacco products as tobacco products.
		● Reinforce the ban on selling tobacco to youth under 16 at point of sales.