Table 1.
Demographic information and self-harm risks of people with or without self-harm
| Case (n = 147) | Control (n = 284) | X2/t * | p-values | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean ± S.D. |
35.6 ± 13.9 |
38.3 ± 15.3 |
1.81 |
0.07 |
| Gender (%) |
|
|
|
|
| Female |
106 (72.1) |
184 (64.8) |
2.36 |
0.13 |
| Male |
41 (27.9) |
100 (35.2) |
|
|
| Marital status (%) |
|
|
27.83 |
<0.001 |
| Single |
56 (38.1) |
152 (53.5) |
|
|
| Married/cohabitated |
61 (41.5) |
115 (40.5) |
|
|
| Divorced/separated/widowed |
30 (20.4) |
17 (6.0) |
|
|
| Education years, mean ± S.D. |
11.1 ± 3.1 |
13.7 ± 3.5 |
7.41 |
<0.001 |
| Religious belief (%) |
|
|
1.11 |
0.78 |
| None |
61 (41.5) |
121 (42.6) |
|
|
| Christianity/Catholic |
15 (10.2) |
39 (13.7) |
|
|
| Buddhism/Daoism |
70 (43.0) |
122 (43.0) |
|
|
| Other |
1 (0.7) |
2 (0.7) |
|
|
| Self-harm methods (%) |
|
- |
|
|
| Prescribed medication |
96 (65.3) |
|
|
|
| Non-prescribed medication |
12 (8.2) |
|
|
|
| Self-cutting |
37 (25.2) |
|
|
|
| With alcohol consumption |
26 (17.7) |
|
|
|
| Charcoal burning |
11 (7.5) |
|
|
|
| Chemical substance poisons |
5 (3.4) |
|
|
|
| Drowning/suffocation |
2 (1.4) |
|
|
|
| The CSPS scores/items |
4.54 ± 1.94 |
1.60 ± 1.11 |
−20.10 |
<0.001 |
| High-risk group^ |
72 (49.0) |
7 (2.5) |
197.99 |
<0.001 |
| 1: Sex |
41 (27.9) |
100 (35.2) |
2.36 |
0.13 |
| 2: Age |
45 (30.6) |
102 (35.9) |
1.21 |
0.27 |
| 3: Depression/service use |
96 (65.3) |
19 (6.7) |
170.24 |
<0.001 |
| 4: Prior self-harm/suicide |
110 (74.8) |
28 (9.9) |
187.85 |
<0.001 |
| 5: Ethanol or drug use |
50 (34.0) |
4 (1.4) |
93.96 |
<0.001 |
| 6: Rational thinking loss |
5 (3.4) |
1 (0.4) |
6.56 |
0.01 |
| 7: Separated/widowed/divorced |
100 (68.0) |
169 (59.5) |
3.00 |
0.08 |
| 8: Organized act |
15 (10.2) |
0 (0) |
30.03 |
<0.001 |
| 9: No social supports |
31 (21.1) |
4 (1.4) |
50.28 |
<0.001 |
| 10: Stated future intent | 30 (20.4) | 2 (0.7) | 54.71 | <0.001 |
*Chi-squared test for categorical variables or independent t-test for continuous variables were performed to derive the statistics of X 2 or t respectively.
^The cut-off value used to define higher risk group was over 5 points; see Additional file 1 for the contents of each item.
Abbreviations: S.D.: standard deviation; CSPS: The Chinese version of SAD PERSONS Scale.