Table 2.
Dietary pattern scores*, according to maternal characteristics, in 66 000 pregnant women in Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study
| Characteristics | No (%) | Dietary pattern | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| “Prudent” | “Western” | “Traditional” | ||
| Maternal age at delivery (years) | ||||
| <20 | 641 (1.0) | −0.66 | 0.57 | 0.26 |
| 20-29 | 29 351 (44.5) | −0.17 | 0.10 | −0.05 |
| 30-39 | 34 664 (52.5) | 0.14 | −0.09 | 0.02 |
| ≥40 | 1344 (2.0) | 0.47 | −0.31 | 0.31 |
| P value† | — | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Maternal education (years) | ||||
| <13 | 20 472 (31.0) | −0.26 | 0.27 | 0.19 |
| 13-16 | 27 423 (41.6) | −0.02 | −0.04 | −0.02 |
| ≥17 | 16 704 (25.3) | 0.35 | −0.27 | −0.20 |
| Missing information | 1401 (2.1) | 0.00 | 0.02 | −0.03 |
| P value† | — | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| History of preterm delivery | ||||
| No | 63 667 (96.5) | 0.00 | −0.01 | −0.01 |
| Yes | 2333 (3.5) | −0.08 | 0.14 | 0.28 |
| P value† | — | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Parity | ||||
| Nulliparous | 34 217 (51.8) | 0.03 | −0.08 | −0.22 |
| Parous | 31 783 (48.2) | −0.03 | 0.09 | 0.24 |
| P value† | — | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Pre-pregnancy body mass index | ||||
| <18.5 | 2029 (3.1) | 0.07 | 0.17 | 0.08 |
| 18.5-24.9 | 42 704 (64.7) | 0.08 | −0.05 | −0.01 |
| 25-29.9 | 13 754 (20.8) | −0.12 | 0.07 | 0.00 |
| ≥30 | 5824 (8.8) | −0.25 | 0.12 | −0.01 |
| Missing information | 1689 (2.6) | −0.03 | 0.05 | 0.11 |
| P value† | — | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Smoking during pregnancy | ||||
| No | 60 321 (91.4) | 0.03 | −0.05 | −0.03 |
| Occasional | 1748 (2.6) | −0.14 | 0.40 | 0.17 |
| Daily | 3553 (5.4) | −0.42 | 0.57 | 0.34 |
| Missing information | 378 (0.6) | 0.10 | −0.02 | 0.06 |
| P value† | — | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Household income | ||||
| Both <300 000‡ | 18 352 (27.8) | −0.17 | 0.17 | 0.17 |
| Either ≥300 000§ | 27 051 (41.0) | −0.04 | 0.01 | 0.04 |
| Both ≥300,000¶ | 18 698 (28.3) | 0.23 | −0.21 | −0.24 |
| Missing information | 1899 (2.9) | −0.09 | 0.18 | 0.25 |
| P value† | — | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Total energy intake (kJ) | ||||
| Quarter 1 | 16 500 (25) | −0.37 | −0.60 | −0.48 |
| Quarter 2 | 16 500 (25) | −0.13 | −0.25 | −0.15 |
| Quarter 3 | 16 500 (25) | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.10 |
| Quarter 4 | 16 500 (25) | 0.44 | 0.78 | 0.53 |
| P value† | — | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
*Dietary pattern scores created by multiplying factor loadings by corresponding standardised value for intake of each food and adding all these items. Values are mean factor scores, derived by extraction of three dietary factors. Not adjusted for confounders.
†Non-parametric test, Mann-Whitney (two groups) or Kruskal-Wallis (more than two groups).
‡Both partners have annual income of <300 000 Norwegian Krone.
§Either participant or partner has an annual income of ≥300 000 Norwegian Krone.
¶Both participant and partner have an annual income of ≥300 000 Norwegian Krone.