Table 1.
Premorbid cardiovascular risk factors, clinical characteristics and medication
| Variable | Stroke pts with metabolic syndrome (n: 130) | Stroke pts without metabolic syndrome (n: 127) | Controls (n: 109) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Age (years) |
64 (61-72.5) |
72 (69-83.5) |
69 (63-80) |
0.031 |
|
M/F (n) |
69/61 |
60/67 |
54/55 |
0.027 |
|
SBP/DBP (mm/Hg) |
152±7.9/98±6.2 |
147±8.9/92±3.2 |
141±9.8/91±2.2 |
<0.001 |
|
diabetes (n/%) |
63 (48.46) |
39 (30% ) |
47 (41.28%) |
0.263 |
|
Hypertension (n/%) |
66 (50.79%) |
47 (37%) |
48 (44.03%) |
0.301 |
|
Glucose blood levels (mg/dl) |
149.3 (97-186) |
129.1 (88-142) |
102 (81.5-133.5) |
<0.001 |
|
Cholesterol blood levels (mg/dl) |
241 (189-270) |
222 (179-245) |
210 (167-225) |
<0.001 |
|
Triglyceride blood levels (mg/dl) |
197.5 (149.75-210.75) |
157.5 (119.4-181.75) |
167.5 (139.4-192.1) |
0.004 |
|
White blood cells (per mm³) |
9100 (6200-11000) |
8200 (7100-10500 |
7400 (6500-9800) |
<0.001 |
|
Stroke subtype |
|
|
|
|
| • LAAS |
49 (37.69) |
52 (40.94) |
|
|
| • Lacunar |
45 (34.61) |
37 (29.7) |
|
|
| • CEI |
32 (24.61) |
35 (27.55) |
|
|
| • ODE |
3 (2.3) |
2 (1.57) |
|
|
| • UDE |
1 (0.76) |
1 (0.78) |
|
|
|
AIx (%) |
105 ± 3.5 |
101 ± 4.1 |
89 ± 4.6 |
<0.001 |
|
PWV (m/s) |
12.9 ± 3.3 |
11.2 ± 3.2 |
10.02 ± 2.29 |
<0.001 |
|
SSS |
27.12±16.21 |
29.65±19 |
30±16.21 |
|
|
IL-1-beta (pg/ml) |
10 (6-11) |
8 (5-16) |
4 (2-5) |
<0.001 |
|
IL-6 (pg/ml) |
12 (9-31) |
10.3 (7-29) |
8 (3.1-12) |
<0.001 |
|
TNF-α (pg/ml) |
35.5 (10.25-46) |
26 (10.55-49) |
5.1 (1.1-4.3) |
<0.001 |
|
E-selectin (ng/ml) |
4.05 (2.0-5.8) |
2.1 (1.0-3.8) |
2 (1-2) |
<0.001 |
|
P-selectin (ng/ml) |
6.5 (3-8.9) |
4.5 (2-6.8) |
3,1 (2.1-4) |
0.004 |
|
VICAM-1 (ng/ml) |
18 (12.1-23) |
16 (10.1-20) |
10 (7-15) |
<0.001 |
|
ICAM-1 (ng/ml) |
17.8 (12.2-20) |
13.5 (12.2-20) |
10.9 (12-16.1) |
<0.001 |
|
IL-10 (pg/ml) |
2.05 (2-7) |
3.15 (2-7) |
5 (2-10) |
0.031 |
|
vWF (ng/ml) |
11 (6-15) |
4 (3-9) |
2 (1-5) |
0.0001 |
|
PAI-1 (pg/ml) |
137 (99.5-155) |
23 (11-24) |
15 ( 7-22) |
<0.001 |
|
TPA (pg/ml) |
21 (10.55-39) |
55 (29-88) |
11 (8-19) |
0.44 |
| CHF (n/%) | 23 (17.69) | 20 (15.74) | 15 (14.70) | 0.065 |
SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; MAP: mean arterial pressure; AIx: augmentation index; PWV: pulse wave velocity; SSS: Scandinavian Stroke Scale score; NIHSS: National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs); CAD: coronary artery disease; CHF: congestive heart failure; TIA: transitory ischemic attack; LVH: left ventricular hypertrophy; WMHLS: white matter hypertension lesions.
Demographic and history data are expressed as n° (percentage).