Table 1.

Role of TAM in tumor lymphangiogenesis and tumor progression.

Model	TAM phenotype	Action/correlation	Method	References
Cervical cancer	CD68, CD14, CD23, HLA-DR, and CD45	Express VEGF-C,VEGF-D, VEGFR-3 Increased LVD in peritumoral stroma	IHC, IF, Confocal microscopy	Schoppmann et al., 2002
Lung adenocarcinoma	CD68, CD206	Increased LVD, increased lymph node metastasis rate, poor prognosis	IHC, IF, Confocal microscopy	Zhang et al., 2011b
Esophageal carcinoma	CD68	Increased microvessel density	IHC	Ohta et al., 2002
Pancreatic cancer	CD68, CD163, CD204	Increased LVD in cases with high number of CD163/CD204 TAM Increased lymph node metastasis rate in cases with high number of CD163/ CD204 TAM	IHC	Kurahara et al., 2011, 2013
Gastric cancer	CD68	Higher LVD Increased lymph node metastasis rate	IHC	Wu et al., 2012
Merkel cell carcinoma	CD68 and/or CD163	VEGF-C expression Increased LVD	IHC, IF	Werchau et al., 2012
Skin squamous cell carcinoma	CD68 and/or CD163	VEGF-C expression Increased LVD	IHC, IF	Moussai et al., 2011
Melanoma	CD68	Increased LVD	IHC	Storr et al., 2012
Ciliary body melanoma	CD68	Increased LVD Increased mortality rate	IHC	Heindl et al., 2010
Mouse model of breast cancer	CD68	Increased LVD and VEGF-C expression	IHC	Ito et al., 2011