Table 1.
Role of TAM in tumor lymphangiogenesis and tumor progression.
| Model | TAM phenotype | Action/correlation | Method | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cervical cancer | CD68, CD14, CD23, HLA-DR, and CD45 | Express VEGF-C,VEGF-D, VEGFR-3 Increased LVD in peritumoral stroma | IHC, IF, Confocal microscopy | Schoppmann et al., 2002 |
| Lung adenocarcinoma | CD68, CD206 | Increased LVD, increased lymph node metastasis rate, poor prognosis | IHC, IF, Confocal microscopy | Zhang et al., 2011b |
| Esophageal carcinoma | CD68 | Increased microvessel density | IHC | Ohta et al., 2002 |
| Pancreatic cancer | CD68, CD163, CD204 | Increased LVD in cases with high number of CD163/CD204 TAM Increased lymph node metastasis rate in cases with high number of CD163/ CD204 TAM | IHC | Kurahara et al., 2011, 2013 |
| Gastric cancer | CD68 | Higher LVD Increased lymph node metastasis rate | IHC | Wu et al., 2012 |
| Merkel cell carcinoma | CD68 and/or CD163 | VEGF-C expression Increased LVD | IHC, IF | Werchau et al., 2012 |
| Skin squamous cell carcinoma | CD68 and/or CD163 | VEGF-C expression Increased LVD | IHC, IF | Moussai et al., 2011 |
| Melanoma | CD68 | Increased LVD | IHC | Storr et al., 2012 |
| Ciliary body melanoma | CD68 | Increased LVD Increased mortality rate | IHC | Heindl et al., 2010 |
| Mouse model of breast cancer | CD68 | Increased LVD and VEGF-C expression | IHC | Ito et al., 2011 |