The level of cytokines/chemokines in sera of the study groups. (A) IL-6. (B) IL-8. (C) CXCL9. (D) CXCL10. (E) IL-10. (F) CCL22. Short horizontal lines in each group indicate median values. The asterisk symbols (*, **, ***, and ****) are indicating of P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.001, and P<0.0001, respectively. Control, healthy controls; HCV, chronic hepatitis C; PSC, primary sclerosing cholangitis; PBC, primary biliary cirrhosis; AIH, autoimmune hepatitis; LLOD, lower level of detection; IL, interleukin.