Table 1.
Adipokines Reported to Exhibit Fat-Depot-Specific Expression
| Adipokine or Secreted Factor |
Source Cells | Depot | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Leptin* | fat cells | subcutaneous > omental | (Wiest et al., 2010) |
| Adiponectin* HMW |
fat cells | omental > subcutaneous | (Kovacova et al., 2012) |
| PAI-1 | preadipocytes | possibly, omental > subcutaneous |
(Xu et al., 2012) |
| IL-6* | preadipocytes, macrophages, activated endothelial cells, large fat cells |
visceral > subcutaneous | (Fontana et al., 2007) |
| TNF-α* | preadipocytes, macrophages, adipocytes |
mesenteric > omental = subcutaneous |
(Cartier et al., 2008; Xu et al., 2012) |
| MCP-1* | preadipocytes, macrophages | visceral > subcutaneous | (Madani et al., 2009; Miller et al., 2011) |
| Angiotensinogen | fat tissue | omental > subcutaneous | (Dusserre et al., 2000; van Harmelen et al., 2000) |
| RANTES* | stromal vascular fraction, fat cells |
gastric fat pad > omental = subcutaneous |
(Madani et al., 2009) |
| CSF-1 | endothelial cells, fibroblasts | visceral > subcutaneous | (Harman-Boehm et al., 2007) |
| Omentin | stromal vascular cells | omental > subcutaneous | (Yang et al., 2006) |
| RBP4 | preadipocytes, adipocytes | visceral < subcutaneous | (Kos et al., 2011) |
| Chimerin | unknown | visceral < subcutaneous | (Alfadda et al., 2012) |
| Vaspin | fat cells | visceral > subcutaneous | (Hida et al., 2005; Klöting et al., 2006) |
Many adipokines are secreted by adipose tissue. Those that reportedly exhibit regional variation in expression or secretion are included. The cell types in which they are expressed are indicated. Secretion of several of these adipokines (marked by *) has been verified in studies of arteriovenous concentration gradients across adipose depots. Expression or secretion of several of these adipokines is affected by body mass index, fat cell size, or gender in addition to the adipose depot. The following abbreviations were used: HMW, high molecular weight isoform; PAI-1, plasminogen-activated inhibitor 1; IL-6, interleukin-6; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; RANTES, regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted; CSF-1, colony-stimulating factor 1; and RBP4, retinol binding protein 4.