(A) C57Bl/6 mice were injected with either GDQ (40 ug/mouse, s.c.), LPS (20 μg/mouse, s.c.), or saline. Blood was collected at various time-points following injection and serum levels of TNFα determined via ELISA; N.D.= not detected (N = 4 – 6). (B) TNFα−/− (N = 6 – 8) and TNF+/+ mice (N = 7) were injected with GDQ (40 μg/mouse, s.c.) or saline 72hr prior to MCAO (50 min). Infarct size was determined 24hr following MCAO. Two-way ANOVA, Bonferroni post hoc, *p<0.05, ***p<0.001 versus saline controls.