Table 1.
Comparison of ankle inversion kinematic variables (mean ± SD) in wearing high-top (HS) and low-top shoes (LS) in four surface conditions
| Variables | Shoe condition |
Surface condition |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15°_Inv | 30°_Inv | 25°_Inv + 10°_PF | 25°_Inv + 20°_PF | ||
|
θcont (°) |
HS |
11.8 ± 5.1 |
13.2 ± 4.6 |
13.7 ± 5.3 |
12.4 ± 5.3 |
| LS |
12.4 ± 4.3 |
12.4 ± 5.3 |
12.2 ± 4.8 |
11.7 ± 5.5 |
|
|
θmax (°) |
HS |
14.8 ± 6.3 |
28.3 ± 6.7* |
23.6 ± 3.4* |
23.9 ± 5.4* |
| LS |
15.2 ± 5.3 |
29.3 ± 4.7* |
25.0 ± 5.1* |
25.7 ± 6.5* |
|
|
θt-max (ms) |
HS |
48.3 ± 21.4 |
67.2 ± 43.2 |
56.0 ± 33.8 |
62.2 ± 34.1 |
| LS |
44.6 ± 26.8 |
76.1 ± 29.7 |
45.4 ± 39.9 |
55.2 ± 27.5 |
|
| ROM (°) |
HS |
2.4 ± 0.9 |
15.2 ± 6.1* |
12.1 ± 4.4* |
13.0 ± 6.1* |
| LS |
2.7 ± 1.1 |
17.4 ± 5.7* |
13.8 ± 5.5* |
14.4 ± 3.7* |
|
|
ωmax (°/s) |
HS |
62.9 ± 32.5 |
208.7 ± 112.9* |
189.0 ± 109.0* |
194.6 ± 106.2* |
| LS |
61.5 ± 29.3 |
220.2 ± 125.6* |
201.6 ± 115.2* |
232.5 ± 127.0* |
|
|
ωt-max (ms) |
HS |
21.4 ± 12.5 |
33.7 ± 24.8 |
36.9 ± 22.3 |
34.0 ± 24.3 |
| LS |
24.3 ± 14.1 |
30.1 ± 20.4 |
32.1 ± 27.7 |
25.3 ± 18.4* |
|
| ωave (°/s) | HS |
49.2 ± 12.5 |
150.6 ± 60.2* |
142.8 ± 52.4* |
148.6 ± 64.5* |
| LS | 46.6 ± 16.3 | 151.3 ± 76.9* | 150.2 ± 69.9* | 158.3 ± 77.6* | |
θcont, ankle inversion angle at contact; θmax, maximum ankle inversion angle; θt-max, time to the maximum ankle inversion angle; ROM, ankle inversion range of motion; ωmax, maximum ankle inversion angular velocity after foot contact; ωt-max, time to the maximum ankle inversion angular velocity; ωave, average ankle inversion angular velocity; 15°_Inv, 15° inversion; 30°_Inv, 30° inversion; 25°_Inv + 10°_PF, combined 25° inversion and 10° plantarflexion; 25°_Inv + 20°_PF, combined 25° inversion and 20° plantarflexion.
* significantly different from 15°_Inv in the same shoe condition (p < 0.05).