Table 1.
Clinical and biochemical parameters of diabetic patients with retinopathy (DR) and without retinopathy (DM).
| Parameters | DM | DR | Statistical significance |
|---|---|---|---|
| N (male/female) | 35 (20/15) | 39 (21/18) | |
| Age (years) | 55.87 ± 7.01 | 56.52 ± 5.43 | P = 0.971 |
| Duration of DM (years) | 10.47 ± 1.48 | 13.63 ± 2.08 | P = 0.034 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.14 ± 2.63 | 25.19 ± 3.98 | P = 0.481 |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.13 ± 1.54 | 8.99 ± 2.03 | P = 0.296 |
| Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L) | 8.45 ± 2.88 | 7.99 ± 2.11 | P = 0.311 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 2.27 ± 1.55 | 2.16 ± 1.25 | P = 0.318 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.33 ± 0.54 | 5.13 ± 1.07 | P = 0.458 |
| HDL (mmol/L) | 1.41 ± 0.10 | 1.25 ± 0.13 | P = 0.650 |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 2.91 ± 0.28 | 2.96 ± 0.32 | P = 0.845 |
| Urea nitrogen (mmol/L) | 8.23 ± 1.77 | 14.71 ± 3.33 | P < 0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 131.87 ± 4.21 | 143.07 ± 6.44 | P = 0.011 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 76.63 ± 2.71 | 78.97 ± 3.30 | P = 0.543 |