. 2014 Feb 13;2014:651050. doi: 10.1155/2014/651050

Table 2.

Crude concentrations and adjusted P value for six purine metabolites and ratio of uric acid to xanthine in diabetic patients with retinopathy (DR) and without retinopathy (DM) and healthy subjects (normal).

Parameters	Normal (n = 41)	DM (n = 35)	DR (n = 39)	Adjusted P value*
Uric acid (mg/L)	46.63 ± 2.41	53.81 ± 2.36	70.55 ± 3.97	P = 0.012^a
				P < 0.001^b
				P < 0.001^c
Hypoxanthine (mg/L)	0.28 ± 0.03	0.26 ± 0.05	0.29 ± 0.06	P = 0.474^a
				P = 0.855^b
				P = 0.624^c
Xanthine (mg/L)	0.47 ± 0.06	0.54 ± 0.05	1.01 ± 0.21	P = 0.657^a
				P < 0.001^b
				P = 0.009^c
Inosine (mg/L)	0.077 ± 0.010	0.086 ± 0.010	0.297 ± 0.078	P = 0.368^a
				P < 0.001^b
				P < 0.001^c
Adenine (mg/L)	0.17 ± 0.03	0.16 ± 0.04	0.16 ± 0.05	P = 0.497^a
				P = 0.722^b
				P = 0.654^c
Adenosine (mg/L)	0.13 ± 0.02	0.17 ± 0.01	0.94 ± 0.17	P = 0.137^a
				P < 0.001^b
				P < 0.001^c
Uric acid : xanthine	99.1 ± 48.71	106.9 ± 12.1	97.1 ± 18.9	P = 0.481^a
				P = 0.241^b
				P = 0.225^c

*Adjusted for age, duration (years) of DM and BMI.

^a P value from t-test between normal and DM.

^b P value from t-test between normal and DR.

^c P value from t-test between DM and DR.